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Various types of tissue may be transferred as a "free flap" including skin and fat, muscle, nerve, bone, cartilage (or any combination of these), lymph nodes and intestinal segments. An example of "free flap" could be a "free toe transfer" in which the great toe or the second toe is transferred to the hand to reconstruct a thumb. [1]
The joints in the hand are joints found at the distal end of the upper limb.. The joints are: In the wrist there is the radiocarpal joint between the radius and carpus.Between the carpal bones are the intercarpal articulations and the midcarpal joint.
A free flap is defined as a tissue mass that has been taken away from the original site to be used in tissue transplantation. [11] When a surgeon uses a free flap, the blood supply is cut and the pedicle reattached to recipient vessels, performing a microsurgical anastomosis. [12] For more information on free flaps, see also free flap.
In human anatomy, the radial (RCL) and ulnar (UCL) collateral ligaments of the metacarpophalangeal joints (MCP) of the hand are the primary stabilisers of the MCP joints. [1] A collateral ligament flanks each MCP joint - one on either side. Each attaches proximally at the head of the metacarpal bone, and distally at the base of the phalynx.
The interosseous membrane divides the forearm into anterior and posterior compartments, serves as a site of attachment for muscles of the forearm, and transfers loads placed on the forearm. The interosseous membrane is designed to shift compressive loads (as in doing a hand-stand) from the distal radius to the proximal ulna.
Joints of the hand, X-ray Interphalangeal ligaments and phalanges. Right hand. Deep dissection. Posterior (dorsal) view. The PIP joint exhibits great lateral stability. Its transverse diameter is greater than its antero-posterior diameter and its thick collateral ligaments are tight in all positions during flexion, contrary to those in the metacarpophalangeal joint.
The tendons of the toe are attached to those of the radial flexor and extensors muscles of the wrist to create more stability to the MTP joint. K-wires are placed to fixate the bones in the desired position. Once the bones are secured anastomosis are made between the vessels of the toe and the vessels of the forearm.
The tendon graft is tunneled through drilled holes in the ulnar and radius bones. This procedure is indicated for DRUJ instability caused by an irreparable TFCC. [13] [3] Capsular or extensor retinaculum plication. This surgical technique aims to improve DRUJ stability by shortening the joint capsule or the extensor retinaculum.