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  2. Caesar cipher - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesar_cipher

    In cryptography, a Caesar cipher, also known as Caesar's cipher, the shift cipher, Caesar's code, or Caesar shift, is one of the simplest and most widely known encryption techniques. It is a type of substitution cipher in which each letter in the plaintext is replaced by a letter some fixed number of positions down the alphabet .

  3. Competitive programming - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competitive_programming

    Bangalore, India based company providing an online contest like environment aiming at providing recruitment assessment solutions. HackerRank: HackerRank offers programming problems in different domains of Computer Science. It also hosts annual Codesprints which help connect the coders and Silicon Valley startups. LeetCode

  4. HackerRank - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HackerRank

    Their enterprise-side product, HackerRank for Work, is a subscription service that aims to help companies source, screen (CodePair), and hire engineers and other technical employees. [12] The product is intended to allow technical recruiters to use programming challenges to test candidates on their specific programming skills and better ...

  5. List of unsolved problems in computer science - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems...

    The problem to determine all positive integers such that the concatenation of and in base uses at most distinct characters for and fixed [citation needed] and many other problems in the coding theory are also the unsolved problems in mathematics.

  6. Dining philosophers problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dining_philosophers_problem

    In computer science, the dining philosophers problem is an example problem often used in concurrent algorithm design to illustrate synchronization issues and techniques for resolving them. It was originally formulated in 1965 by Edsger Dijkstra as a student exam exercise, presented in terms of computers competing for access to tape drive ...

  7. Chosen-plaintext attack - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chosen-plaintext_attack

    The following attack on the Caesar cipher allows full recovery of the secret key: Suppose the adversary sends the message: Attack at dawn, and the oracle returns Nggnpx ng qnja. The adversary can then work through to recover the key in the same way as a Caesar cipher. The adversary could deduce the substitutions A → N, T → G and so on. This ...

  8. Karp's 21 NP-complete problems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karp's_21_NP-complete_problems

    In computational complexity theory, Karp's 21 NP-complete problems are a set of computational problems which are NP-complete.In his 1972 paper, "Reducibility Among Combinatorial Problems", [1] Richard Karp used Stephen Cook's 1971 theorem that the boolean satisfiability problem is NP-complete [2] (also called the Cook-Levin theorem) to show that there is a polynomial time many-one reduction ...

  9. Parsons problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsons_problem

    Parsons problems consist of a partially completed solution and a selection of lines of code that some of which, when arranged appropriately, correctly complete the solution. There is great flexibility in how Parsons problems can be designed, including the types of code fragments from which to select, and how much structure of the solution is ...