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Combined hyperlipidemia (or -aemia) is a commonly occurring form of hypercholesterolemia (elevated cholesterol levels) characterised by increased LDL and triglyceride concentrations, often accompanied by decreased HDL. [1]: 534 On lipoprotein electrophoresis (a test now rarely performed) it shows as a hyperlipoproteinemia type IIB. It is the ...
Ezetimibe/atorvastatin (trade names Liptruzet, Atozet) is a cholesterol lowering combination drug.In the United States, it was approved in May 2013, by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in patients with primary or mixed hyperlipidemia as adjunctive therapy to diet. [1]
Hyperlipidemia represents a subset of dyslipidemia and a superset of hypercholesterolemia. Hyperlipidemia is usually chronic and requires ongoing medication to control blood lipid levels. [3] Lipids (water-insoluble molecules) are transported in a protein capsule. [4] The size of that capsule, or lipoprotein, determines its density. [4]
In combined hyperlipidemia, there is an overproduction of apoB-100 in the liver. [9] This causes high amounts of LDL and VLDL molecules to form. [9] A unique sign of primary dyslipidemias is that patients will often present with acute pancreatitis or xanthomas on the skin, eyelids or around the cornea. [1]
Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia "FCHL is generally characterized by moderate elevations in plasma levels of triglycerides (VLDL) and cholesterol (LDL) and reduced plasma levels of HDL-C. It is the most common inherited lipid disorder, occurring in approximately 1 in 200 persons. Approximately 20% of patients who develop CHD under age 60 have FCHL.
Familial hypertriglyceridemia (type IV familial dyslipidemia) is a genetic disorder characterized by the liver overproducing very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL). As a result, an affected individual will have an excessive number of VLDL and triglycerides on a lipid profile.
Ezetimibe was approved for medical use in the United States in 2002. [4] It is available as a generic medication. [5] In 2022, it was the 79th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 8 million prescriptions. [11] [12]
The disease leads to premature atherosclerosis and therefore a possible early onset of coronary artery disease and peripheral vascular disease leading to a heart attack, i.e. myocardial infarction, chest pain on exercise, i.e. angina pectoris or stroke in young adults or middle aged patients. [3]