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In the vowels chart, a separate phonetic value is given for each major dialect, alongside the words used to name their corresponding lexical sets. The diaphonemes for the lexical sets given here are based on RP and General American; they are not sufficient to express all of the distinctions found in other dialects, such as Australian English.
A lexical set is a group of words that share a particular vowel or consonant sound. A phoneme is a basic unit of sound in a language that can distinguish one word from another. Most commonly, following the work of phonetician John C. Wells, a lexical set is a class of words in a language that share a certain vowel phoneme.
When x i = 0, one has RP n−1. Therefore the n−1 skeleton of RP n is RP n−1, and the attaching map f : S n−1 → RP n−1 is the 2-to-1 covering map. One can put =. Induction shows that RP n is a CW complex with 1 cell in every dimension up to n.
In many accents of England, the lengthening of the CLOTH set was undone, restoring the short pronunciation /ɒ/. This became standard RP by the mid-20th century. In General American, the lot vowel has become unrounded and merged into /ɑ/ (the father–bother merger). This leaves RP with three back vowels: /ɒ/ in lot, want, cloth, and cost.
Although developed for RP, the Gimson system being phonemic, it is not far from much of General American pronunciation as well. A number of recent dictionaries, such as the Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner's English Dictionary , add a few non-phonemic symbols /ʳ i u ᵊl ᵊn/ to represent both RP and General American pronunciation in a single ...
In RP, the starting point of the latter diphthong has now become more centralized and is commonly written /əʊ/. RP has also developed centering diphthongs /ɪə/, /eə/, /ʊə/, as a result of breaking before /r/ and the loss of /r/ when it is not followed by another vowel (see English-language vowel changes before historic /r/).
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For example, if a speaker of variety A pronounces the lexical set BATH with an [ɑː] as in the lexical set PALM, whereas a speaker of variety B pronounces the lexical set BATH with an [æ] as in the lexical set TRAP, then a diaphonemic transcription that accommodates for variety A and variety B at the same time would transcribe the three ...