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Four-point measurement of resistance between voltage sense connections 2 and 3. Current is supplied via force connections 1 and 4. In electrical engineering, four-terminal sensing (4T sensing), 4-wire sensing, or 4-point probes method is an electrical impedance measuring technique that uses separate pairs of current-carrying and voltage-sensing electrodes to make more accurate measurements ...
A multi-band line array elements in a horizontally oriented enclosure was suggested by Joseph D'Appolito in 1983. [8] However, the product was popularized majorly by L-Acoustics' V-DOSC line array introduced in 1992. [9] This led to the discovery that a more level and smoother frequency response can come from fewer boxes in a line array.
An invariant point is defined as a representation of an invariant system (0 degrees of freedom by Gibbs' phase rule) by a point on a phase diagram. A univariant line thus represents a univariant system with 1 degree of freedom. Two univariant lines can then define a divariant area with 2 degrees of freedom.
An animated cobweb diagram of the logistic map = (), showing chaotic behaviour for most values of >. A cobweb plot , known also as Lémeray Diagram or Verhulst diagram is a visual tool used in the dynamical systems field of mathematics to investigate the qualitative behaviour of one-dimensional iterated functions , such as the logistic map .
The radar chart is a chart and/or plot that consists of a sequence of equi-angular spokes, called radii, with each spoke representing one of the variables. The data length of a spoke is proportional to the magnitude of the variable for the data point relative to the maximum magnitude of the variable across all data points.
Distance-matrix methods may produce either rooted or unrooted trees, depending on the algorithm used to calculate them. [4] Given n species, the input is an n × n distance matrix M where M ij is the mutation distance between species i and j. The aim is to output a tree of degree 3 which is consistent with the distance matrix.
The source is a vertical line array (VLA) of up to 18 source projectors suspended below the vessel. LFA’s transmitted sonar beam is omnidirectional (i.e., a full 360 degrees) in the horizontal (nominal depth of the LFA array center is 120 m [400 ft]), with a narrow vertical beamwidth that can be steered above or below the horizontal.
In the 4-point bending test, the specimen is placed on two supports and loaded in the middle by a test punch with two loading points. This results in a constant bending moment between the two supports. Consequently, a shear-free zone is created, where the specimen is subjected only to bending.