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Disability is the experience of any condition that makes it more difficult for a person to do certain activities or have equitable access within a given society. [1] Disabilities may be cognitive, developmental, intellectual, mental, physical, sensory, or a combination of multiple factors.
Models of disability are analytic tools in disability studies used to articulate different ways disability is conceptualized by individuals and society broadly. [1] [2] Disability models are useful for understanding disagreements over disability policy, [2] teaching people about ableism, [3] providing disability-responsive health care, [3] and articulating the life experiences of disabled people.
"The normalization principle means making available to all people with disabilities patterns of life and conditions of everyday living which are as close as possible to the regular circumstances and ways of life or society." [1] Normalization is a rigorous theory of human services that can be applied to disability services. [2]
For example, with the medical model of disability, the goal may be to help a child acquire typical abilities and to reduce impairment. With the social model, the goal may be to have a child be included in the normal life of the community, such as attending birthday parties and other social events, regardless of the level of function. [ 51 ]
Disability studies is an academic discipline that examines the meaning, nature, and consequences of disability.Initially, the field focused on the division between "impairment" and "disability", where impairment was an impairment of an individual's mind or body, while disability was considered a social construct. [1]
The examples and perspective in this article deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this article, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new article, as appropriate. (September 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this message
Some people consider it best to use person-first language, for example "a person with a disability" rather than "a disabled person." [1] However identity-first language, as in "autistic person" or "deaf person", is preferred by many people and organizations. [2] Language can influence individuals' perception of disabled people and disability. [3]
Developmental disability is a diverse group of chronic conditions, comprising mental or physical impairments that arise before adulthood. Developmental disabilities cause individuals living with them many difficulties in certain areas of life, especially in "language, mobility, learning, self-help, and independent living". [ 1 ]