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In plumbing, a trap is a U-shaped portion of pipe designed to trap liquid or gas to prevent unwanted flow; most notably sewer gases from entering buildings while allowing waste materials to pass through. In oil refineries, traps are used to prevent hydrocarbons and other dangerous gases and chemical fumes from escaping through drains.
A Buchan trap (alternative names: Bristol interceptor, [1] interceptor trap and disconnecting trap) is a device fitted in a domestic sewer pipe to prevent odours entering the pipe from the public sewer [2] and permeating the house, a common problem before individual plumbing fittings were separately trapped.
A gully is a landform created by running water, mass movement, or commonly a combination of both eroding sharply into soil or other relatively erodible material, typically on a hillside or in river floodplains or terraces.
Orifice plate showing vena contracta. An orifice plate is a thin plate with a hole in it, which is usually placed in a pipe. When a fluid (whether liquid or gaseous) passes through the orifice, its pressure builds up slightly upstream of the orifice [1] but as the fluid is forced to converge to pass through the hole, the velocity increases and the fluid pressure decreases.
A check dam is a small, sometimes temporary, dam constructed across a swale, drainage ditch, or waterway to counteract erosion by reducing water flow velocity. [1] Check dams themselves are not a type of new technology; rather, they are an ancient technique dating from the second century AD. [ 2 ]
Grease trap sizing is based on the size of the 2- or 3-compartment sink, dishwasher, pot sinks, and mop sinks. Many manufacturers and vendors offer online sizing tools to make these calculations easy. The cumulative flow rates of these devices, as well as overall grease retention capacity (in pounds or kilograms) are considered.
The 85% and 90% rules works best in the range of 1 ⁄ 4 –1 in (6.4–25.4 mm), the sizes most important on many shop floors. Some sizes outside that range have different ratios. Some sizes outside that range have different ratios.
An air gap, as related to the plumbing trade, is the unobstructed vertical space between the water outlet and the flood level of a fixture. [1] Air gaps of appropriate design are legally required by water health and safety regulations in many countries. An air gap is the simplest form of a backflow prevention device.