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The rise of the barbarian kingdoms in the territory previously governed by the Western Roman Empire was a gradual, complex, and largely unintentional process. [11] Their origin can ultimately be traced to the migrations of large numbers of barbarian (i.e. non-Roman) peoples into the territory of the Roman Empire.
The Migration Period (c. 300 to 600 AD), also known as the Barbarian Invasions, was a period in European history marked by large-scale migrations that saw the fall of the Western Roman Empire and subsequent settlement of its former territories by various tribes, and the establishment of the post-Roman kingdoms. [2]
The term "barbarian" has been commonly used by historians. Other terms used include "Northern European kingdoms", "Romano-northern European kingdoms", [1] and "post-Roman kingdoms". Historically, the period of the barbarian kingdoms spans the years from 409 to c.800.
The Vandal Kingdom (Latin: Regnum Vandalum) or Kingdom of the Vandals and Alans (Latin: Regnum Vandalorum et Alanorum) was a confederation of Vandals and Alans, which was a barbarian kingdom established under Gaiseric, a Vandalic warlord. It ruled parts of North Africa and the Mediterranean for 99 years from 435 to 534 AD.
The Kingdom of the Franks (Latin: Regnum Francorum), also known as the Frankish Kingdom, or just Francia, was the largest post-Roman barbarian kingdom in Western Europe.It was ruled by the Frankish Merovingian and Carolingian dynasties during the Early Middle Ages.
The Roman emperor, Constantine I-Marcus Aurelius, appoints as king of a "client" state and ally of Rome a barbarian loyal to him (among the Quadi), possibly Furtius, mentioned by Cassius Dio Cocceianus during the Marcomannic Wars [1] (Arch of Constantine).
Odoacer [a] (/ ˌ oʊ d oʊ ˈ eɪ s ər / OH-doh-AY-sər; [b] c. 433 – 15 March 493 AD), also spelled Odovacer or Odovacar, [c] was a barbarian soldier and statesman from the Middle Danube who deposed the Western Roman child emperor Romulus Augustulus and became the ruler of Italy (476–493).
The term barbarian kingdom is used in the context of those Germanic rulers who after 476 AD and during the 6th century ruled territories formerly part of the Western Roman Empire, especially the Barbarian kings of Italy. In the same context, Germanic law is also derisively termed leges barbarorum "barbarian law" etc. [1]