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The scintillator is the primary radiation sensor that emits light when struck by high energy photons. Gd 2 O 2 S based ceramics exhibit final densities of 99.7% to 99.99% of the theoretical density (7.32 g/cm 3) and an average grain size ranging from 5 micrometers to 50 micrometers in dependence with the fabrication procedure. [1]
A nanoparticle or ultrafine particle is a particle of matter 1 to 100 nanometres (nm) in diameter. [1] [2] The term is sometimes used for larger particles, up to 500 nm, or fibers and tubes that are less than 100 nm in only two directions. [2]: 394 At the lowest range, metal particles smaller than 1 nm are usually called atom clusters instead.
However, the length can reach 55.5 cm (21.9 in), implying a length-to-diameter ratio as high as 132,000,000:1; which is unequaled by any other material. [1] Consequently, all the electronic, optical, electrochemical and mechanical properties of the carbon nanotubes are extremely anisotropic (directionally dependent) and tunable.
One nanometer (nm) is one billionth, or 10 −9, of a meter. By comparison, typical carbon–carbon bond lengths, or the spacing between these atoms in a molecule, are in the range 0.12–0.15 nm, and DNA's diameter is around 2 nm. On the other hand, the smallest cellular life forms, the bacteria of the genus Mycoplasma, are
Ion currents of 10 mA at gas consumptions of 40 cm 3 /hour are achievable. [ 2 ] For a sealed neutron tube, the ideal ion source should use low gas pressure, give high ion current with large proportion of atomic ions, have low gas clean-up, use low power, have high reliability and high lifetime, its construction has to be simple and robust and ...
Microwave wavelengths in the centimeter range were required to give the small radar antennas which were compact enough to fit on aircraft a narrow enough beamwidth to localize enemy aircraft. It was found that conventional transmission lines used to carry radio waves had excessive power losses at microwave frequencies, and George Southworth at ...
20-beam Nd:glass laser; proof-of-concept for Nova; fusion yield of 10 11 neutrons; found that its infrared wavelength of 1062 nm was too long to achieve ignition: 30 TW: 10.2 kJ: ≈ 0.1 J: Livermore: LLNL: Helios laser, Eight-Beam System (EBS) Shut down: 1975-1978: 1978: 8-beam CO 2 laser; Media at Wikimedia Commons: 20 TW: 10 kJ: Los Alamos: LANL