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A humerus fracture is a break of the humerus bone in the upper arm. [1] Symptoms may include pain, swelling, and bruising. [1] There may be a decreased ability to move the arm and the person may present holding their elbow. [2] Complications may include injury to an artery or nerve, and compartment syndrome. [2]
A proximal humerus fracture is a break of the upper part of the bone of the arm . [3] Symptoms include pain, swelling, and a decreased ability to move the shoulder. [1] Complications may include axillary nerve or axillary artery injury. [3] The cause is generally a fall onto the arm or direct trauma to the arm. [3]
Symptoms include non-radiating pain which may make it difficult to move the shoulder. The presence of swelling or bruising and a deformity in the shoulder is also common depending on how severe the dislocation is. [2] [1] It is most commonly due to a fall onto the front and upper part of the shoulder when the arm is by the side. [2]
Symptoms include shoulder pain and instability. [2] Complications may include a Bankart lesion, Hill-Sachs lesion, rotator cuff tear, or injury to the axillary nerve. [1] A shoulder dislocation often occurs as a result of a fall onto an outstretched arm or onto the shoulder. [3] Diagnosis is typically based on symptoms and confirmed by X-rays. [2]
A scapular fracture is a fracture of the scapula, the shoulder blade.The scapula is sturdy and located in a protected place, so it rarely breaks. When it does, it is an indication that the individual was subjected to a considerable amount of force and that severe chest trauma may be present. [1]
Symptoms typically include pain at the site of the break and a decreased ability to move the affected arm. [1] Complications can include a collection of air in the pleural space surrounding the lung (pneumothorax), injury to the nerves or blood vessels in the area, and an unpleasant appearance. [2]
The mechanism of injury is most commonly due to fall on an outstretch hand. [3] Extension type of injury (70% of all elbow fractures) is more common than the flexion type of injury (1% to 11% of all elbow injuries). [4] Injury often occurs on the non-dominant part of the limb. Flexion type of injury is more commonly found in older children.
An x-ray image of a spiral fracture to the left humerus (upper arm bone) of a 27-year-old male. The injury was sustained during a fall. A spiral fracture (a.k.a. torsion fracture) is a bone fracture occurring when torque (a rotating force) is applied along the axis of a bone. [1]