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The cosmic microwave background (CMB, CMBR), or relic radiation, is microwave radiation that fills all space in the observable universe. With a standard optical telescope , the background space between stars and galaxies is almost completely dark.
1938: Walther Nernst re-estimates the cosmic ray temperature as 0.75 K. [2] 1946: The term "microwave" is first used in print in an astronomical context in an article "Microwave Radiation from the Sun and Moon" by Robert Dicke and Robert Beringer. 1946: Robert Dicke predicts a microwave background radiation temperature of 20 K (ref: Helge Kragh)
The discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation constitutes a major development in modern physical cosmology.In 1964, US physicist Arno Allan Penzias and radio-astronomer Robert Woodrow Wilson discovered the cosmic microwave background (CMB), estimating its temperature as 3.5 K, as they experimented with the Holmdel Horn Antenna.
The Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE / ˈ k oʊ b i / KOH-bee), also referred to as Explorer 66, was a NASA satellite dedicated to cosmology, which operated from 1989 to 1993.Its goals were to investigate the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB or CMBR) of the universe and provide measurements that would help shape the understanding of the cosmos.
The cosmic microwave background (CMB) provides a snapshot of a largely isotropic and homogeneous universe. The largest scale feature of the CMB is the dipole anisotropy; it is typically subtracted from maps due to its large amplitude.
The steady-state model attempted to explain the microwave background radiation as the result of light from ancient stars that has been scattered by galactic dust. However, the cosmic microwave background level is very even in all directions, making it difficult to explain how it could be generated by numerous point sources, and the microwave ...
Already in 1967, Dennis Sciama predicted that the cosmic microwave background has a significant dipole anisotropy. [41] [42] In recent years, the CMB dipole has been tested, and the results suggest our motion with respect to distant radio galaxies [43] and quasars [44] differs from our motion with respect to the cosmic microwave background.
In 1965, while using this antenna, Penzias and Wilson discovered the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) that permeates the universe. [6] This was one of the most important discoveries in physical cosmology since Edwin Hubble demonstrated in the 1920s that the universe was expanding.