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Diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC) or conditioned pain modulation (CPM) refers to an endogenous pain modulatory pathway which has often been described as "pain inhibits pain". [1] It occurs when response from a painful stimulus is inhibited by another, often spatially distant, noxious stimulus.
Another problem with pain management is that pain is the body's natural way of communicating a problem. [6] Pain is supposed to resolve as the body heals itself with time and pain management. [6] Sometimes pain management covers a problem, and the patient might be less aware that they need treatment for a deeper problem. [6]
Nociplastic pain is a longterm complex pain, one of three mechanisms of pain, defined by the International Association for the Study of Pain as "pain that arises from altered nociception despite no clear evidence of actual or threatened tissue damage causing the activation of peripheral nociceptors or evidence for disease or lesion of the somatosensory system causing the pain". [2]
The gate control theory of pain asserts that non-painful input closes the nerve "gates" to painful input, which prevents pain sensation from traveling to the central nervous system. In the top panel, the nonnociceptive, large-diameter sensory fiber (orange) is more active than the nociceptive small-diameter fiber (blue), therefore the net input ...
The periaqueductal gray (PAG), also known as the central gray, is a brain region that plays a critical role in autonomic function, motivated behavior and behavioural responses to threatening stimuli. [1] [2] PAG is also the primary control center for descending pain modulation. It has enkephalin-producing cells that suppress pain.
Central alpha-2 adrenergic activation in the locus ceruleus and spinal cord induce sedation and pain modulation respectively. [17] Clonidine has been shown to have some efficacy when treating both acute and chronic pain. [18] Examples: Clonidine; Tizanidine: also considered a muscle relaxant
Electroanalgesia is a form of analgesia, or pain relief, that uses electricity to ease pain.Electrical devices can be internal or external, at the site of pain (local) or delocalized throughout the whole body.
In pharmacology, GABA A receptor positive allosteric modulators, also known as GABAkines or GABA A receptor potentiators, [1] are positive allosteric modulator (PAM) molecules that increase the activity of the GABA A receptor protein in the vertebrate central nervous system. GABA is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.