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  2. Representation theory of the Lorentz group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representation_theory_of...

    Then, for example, (0, ⁠ 3 / 2 ⁠) and (1, ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠) are a spin representations of dimensions 2⋅ ⁠ 3 / 2 ⁠ + 1 = 4 and (2 + 1)(2⋅ ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠ + 1) = 6 respectively. According to the above paragraph, there are subspaces with spin both ⁠ 3 / 2 ⁠ and ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠ in the last two cases, so these representations cannot likely ...

  3. Empirical Bayes method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirical_Bayes_method

    Empirical Bayes methods can be seen as an approximation to a fully Bayesian treatment of a hierarchical Bayes model.. In, for example, a two-stage hierarchical Bayes model, observed data = {,, …,} are assumed to be generated from an unobserved set of parameters = {,, …,} according to a probability distribution ().

  4. Multiset - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiset

    The number of multisets of cardinality 18 is then the number of ways to arrange the 4 − 1 vertical lines among the 18 + 4 − 1 characters, and is thus the number of subsets of cardinality 4 − 1 of a set of cardinality 18 + 4 − 1. Equivalently, it is the number of ways to arrange the 18 dots among the 18 + 4 − 1 characters, which is the ...

  5. Fibonacci sequence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibonacci_sequence

    Lucas numbers have L 1 = 1, L 2 = 3, and L n = L n−1 + L n−2. Primefree sequences use the Fibonacci recursion with other starting points to generate sequences in which all numbers are composite. Letting a number be a linear function (other than the sum) of the 2 preceding numbers. The Pell numbers have P n = 2P n−1 + P n−2.

  6. Water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water

    The refractive index of liquid water (1.333 at 20 °C (68 °F)) is much higher than that of air (1.0), similar to those of alkanes and ethanol, but lower than those of glycerol (1.473), benzene (1.501), carbon disulfide (1.627), and common types of glass (1.4 to 1.6). The refraction index of ice (1.31) is lower than that of liquid water.

  7. Haas VF-19 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haas_VF-19

    The Haas VF-19 is a Formula One car designed by Italian manufacturer Dallara for the Haas F1 Team to compete in the 2019 FIA Formula One World Championship. The car was driven by Romain Grosjean and Kevin Magnussen, with additional testing work carried out by Pietro Fittipaldi. [2] [3] The VF-19 made its competitive debut at the 2019 Australian ...

  8. Direct reduction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_reduction

    New Zealand Steel steel complex, fed by direct reduction rotary furnaces (SL/RN process) [1] (capacity 650,000 t/year). [2]In the iron and steel industry, direct reduction is a set of processes for obtaining iron from iron ore, by reducing iron oxides without melting the metal.