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Simon de Montfort's Parliament was an English parliament held from 20 January 1265 until mid-March of the same year, called by Simon de Montfort, a baronial rebel leader. Montfort had seized power in England following his victory over Henry III at the Battle of Lewes during the Second Barons' War , but his grip on the country was under threat.
Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester (c. 1208 – 4 August 1265), later sometimes referred to as Simon V [nb 1] de Montfort to distinguish him from his namesake relatives, was an English nobleman of French origin and a member of the English peerage, who led the baronial opposition to the rule of King Henry III of England, culminating in the Second Barons' War.
Government removed to Windsor, and the Lord Edward ordered parliament to break up on 30 October; it was the beginning of the end for De Montfort and the Provisions. [46] 25th ... n/a 1 March 1264 3 April 1264 ? n/a De Montfort at Northampton had defeated the royalists, while Henry held a parliament at Oxford. The bishops were present.
The most famous—Simon de Montfort's Parliament—was held in January 1265 amidst threat of a French invasion and unrest throughout the realm. For the first time, burgesses (elected by those residents of boroughs or towns who held burgage tenure , such as wealthy merchants or craftsmen) [ 63 ] were summoned along with knights of the shire.
Ralph Basset (died 1265), was an English baronial leader. [1]Basset was lord of Drayton in Staffordshire, and, joining the baronial party against Henry III, was appointed by them custos pacis (keeper of the peace) for Shropshire and Staffordshire on 7 June 1264, and was summoned to Simon de Montfort's parliament on 4 December 1264 as Ralph Basset "de Drayton".
Simon de Montfort's parliament, the first to include representatives of the major towns, met at the Palace in 1265. The "Model Parliament", the first official Parliament of England, met there in 1295, [14] and almost all subsequent English Parliaments and then, after 1707, all British Parliaments have met at the Palace.
Parliament in the Making was a programme of events organised by the Parliament of the United Kingdom to commemorate a series of anniversaries in 2015 including: [2] the sealing of Magna Carta, on 15 June 1215, 800 years earlier; the first representative parliament, Simon de Montfort's Parliament, on 20 January 1265, 750 years earlier
The Barony of Drayton was created during Simon de Montfort's Parliament in 1264 but the validity of the summons and appointments have been debated over the subsequent centuries. Depending on the view taken, in 1295, Ralph Basset was either created as the 1st Baron Basset of Drayton or he regained his father's title as the 2nd baron.