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Myocardial infarction (MI) refers to tissue death of the heart muscle caused by ischemia, the lack of oxygen delivery to myocardial tissue. It is a type of acute coronary syndrome , which describes a sudden or short-term change in symptoms related to blood flow to the heart. [ 22 ]
Myocardial infarction complications may occur immediately following a myocardial infarction (heart attack) (in the acute phase), or may need time to develop (a chronic problem). After an infarction, an obvious complication is a second infarction, which may occur in the domain of another atherosclerotic coronary artery, or in the same zone if ...
In particular, acute myocardial infarction in the distribution of the circumflex artery is likely to produce a nondiagnostic ECG. [10] The use of additional ECG leads like right-sided leads V3R and V4R and posterior leads V7, V8, and V9 may improve sensitivity for right ventricular and posterior myocardial infarction. [citation needed]
The 2018 European Society of Cardiology/American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association/World Health Federation Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction for the ECG diagnosis of the ST segment elevation type of acute myocardial infarction require new ST elevation at J point of at least 1mm (0.1 mV) in two contiguous leads with the cut-points: ≥1 mm in all leads ...
This is known as myocardial infarction. [9] A heart attack can cause arrhythmias, as well as permanent damage to the heart muscle. [25] Coronary ischemia resulting from coronary artery disease also increases the risk of developing heart failure. [10] Most cases of heart failure result from underlying coronary artery disease. [10]
Cardiovascular disease in women is an integral area of research in the ongoing studies of women's health. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an umbrella term for a wide range of diseases affecting the heart and blood vessels, including but not limited to, coronary artery disease, stroke, cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarctions, and aortic aneurysms.
Test Sensitivity and specificity Approximate peak Description Troponin test: The most sensitive and specific test for myocardial damage. Because it has increased specificity compared with CK-MB, troponin is composed of 3 proteins- Troponin C, Cardic troponin I, and Cardiac troponin T. Troponin I especially has a high affinity for myocardial injury.
The process starts with atherosclerosis, progresses through inflammation to yield an active unstable plaque, which undergoes thrombosis and results in acute myocardial ischemia, which, if not reversed, results in cell necrosis (infarction). [15] Studies show that 64% of all unstable anginas occur between 22:00 and 08:00 when patients are at rest.
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