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Ketamine, used in children for anesthesia, is used extensively in many species to induce anesthesia or cause heavy sedation. Ketamine is commonly paired with alpha-2 agonists or benzodiazepines to decrease mild side effects. Some examples of Ketamine pairs are Ketamine and Xylazine, Ketamine and Diazepam, and Ketamine, Xylazine, and Acepromazine.
Side effects in dogs and cats include hypersalivation, diarrhea, loss of appetite, and vomiting. [11] [15] Eight percent of dogs taking maropitant at doses meant to prevent motion sickness vomited right after, likely due to the local effects maropitant had on the gastrointestinal tract. Small amounts of food beforehand can prevent such post ...
Side effects are not common, but the use of acepromazine in stallions should be used with caution (but is not absolutely contraindicated) due to the risk of paraphimosis and priapism. [ 6 ] Acepromazine also lowers blood pressure, and should therefore be used with caution in horses that are experiencing anemia , dehydration , shock , or colic .
Side effects specific to horses include sedation and CNS excitement (displayed by head pressing or tossing). Overdosing may result in seizures, falling, salivation, constipation, and muscle twitching. If an overdose occurs, a narcotic antagonist, such as naloxone, may be given. Caution should be used if butorphanol is administered in addition ...
Alfaxalone is used as an induction agent, an injectable anesthetic, and a sedative in animals. [5] While it is commonly used in cats and dogs, it has also been successfully used in rabbits, [6] horses, sheep, pigs, and exotics such as red-eared turtles, axolotl, green iguanas, marmosets, [7] and koi fish. [8]
Xylazine is a common veterinary drug used for sedation, anesthesia, muscle relaxation, and analgesia in animals such as horses, cattle, and other mammals. [2] In veterinary anesthesia, it is often used in combination with ketamine. Veterinarians also use xylazine as an emetic, especially in cats. [4] Drug interactions vary with different ...
Some severe side effects with long-term consequences may include pancreatitis, acute kidney injury, gallstones, gallbladder disease, diabetic retinopathy, and an increased heart rate. Semaglutide ...
Dexmedetomidine may be useful for the treatment of the negative cardiovascular effects of acute amphetamines and cocaine intoxication and overdose. [25] [26] Dexmedetomidine has also been used as an adjunct to neuroaxial anesthesia for lower limb procedures. [27] It has been successfully used to treat opioid withdrawal symptoms. [28]