Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Tungsten's high melting point makes tungsten a good material for applications like rocket nozzles, for example in the UGM-27 Polaris submarine-launched ballistic missile. [82] Tungsten alloys are used in a wide range of applications, including the aerospace and automotive industries and radiation shielding. [ 83 ]
A liquid metal ion source (LMIS) is an ion source which uses metal that is heated to the liquid state and used to form an electrospray to form ions. [1] [2] An electrospray Taylor cone is formed by the application of a strong electric field and ions are produced by field evaporation at the sharp tip of the cone, which has a high electric field.
Field ion microscope image of the end of a sharp platinum needle. Each bright spot is a platinum atom. The field-ion microscope (FIM) was invented by Müller in 1951. [1] It is a type of microscope that can be used to image the arrangement of atoms at the surface of a sharp metal tip.
Typically, the tip radius used in this microscope is on the order of 100 nm, and it is made of a metal with a high melting point, such as tungsten. [4] The sample is held at a large negative potential (1–10 kV) relative to the fluorescent screen, which generates an electric field near the tip apex of 2-7 x 10 9 V/m.
Sodium tungstate is obtained by digestion of tungsten ores, the economically important representatives of which are tungstates, in base. Illustrative is the extraction of sodium tungstate from wolframite: [1] Fe/MnWO 4 + 2 NaOH + 2 H 2 O → Na 2 WO 4 ·2H 2 O + Fe/Mn(OH) 2. Scheelite is treated similarly using sodium carbonate.
Particularly notable are the tungsten laminates and fiber-reinforced composites, which leverage tungsten's exceptional mechanical properties. When combined with copper's high thermal conductivity, these composites offer improved thermomechanical properties, extending beyond the operational range of traditional materials like CuCrZr.
Ion implantation setup with mass separator. Ion implantation equipment typically consists of an ion source, where ions of the desired element are produced, an accelerator, where the ions are electrostatically accelerated to a high energy or using radiofrequency, and a target chamber, where the ions impinge on a target, which is the material to be implanted.
The dominant application of tungsten fluoride is in semiconductor industry, where it is widely used for depositing tungsten metal in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. The expansion of the industry in the 1980s and 1990s resulted in the increase of WF 6 consumption, which remains at around 200 tonnes per year worldwide.