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Schools also cannot punish students for speech that takes place outside of school and is unrelated to school. [50] Schools may censor content in school projects, such as student publications, as found in the 1988 case Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier. [51] Students also retain Fourth Amendment rights while in school.
Education policy consists of the principles and policy decisions that influence the field of education, as well as the collection of laws and rules that govern the operation of education systems. [1] Education governance may be shared between the local, state, and federal government at varying levels.
Some private schools, and public schools, are offering pre-kindergarten (also known as pre-K) as part of elementary school. Twelve states (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Oklahoma, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Vermont) as well as the District of Columbia offer some form of universal pre-kindergarten according to the Education Commission of the States (ECS).
Primary education is the first stage of formal education, coming after preschool/kindergarten and before secondary education. [2] Primary education takes place in primary schools, elementary schools, or first schools and middle schools, depending on the location.
National School Lunch Act and Child Nutrition Amendments Amended several aspects of the National School Lunch Act and the Child Nutrition Act Pub. L. 95–166: 1977 (No short title) Amended the Higher Education Act to grant the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands and the Northern Mariana Islands the same benefits under the act as states.
The NPE called for a "child-centred approach" in primary education, and launched "Operation Blackboard" to improve primary schools nationwide. [7] The policy expanded the open university system with the Indira Gandhi National Open University, which had been created in 1985. [7]
By 2021 school choice students numbered 621,000, up from 200,000 in 2011. The next expansion was driven by pandemic-related dissatisfaction with public school policies and curricula. While many European school systems reopened in spring 2020, American public schools generally remained closed until the fall of 2021.
The school district selects curriculum guides and textbooks that reflect a state's learning standards and benchmarks for a given grade level. [4] The broad topic of social studies may include key events, documents, understandings, and concepts in American history and geography, and in some programs, state or local history and geography. Topics ...