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A Roberts loom in a weaving shed in the United Kingdom in 1835. The nature of the Industrial Revolution's impact on living standards in Britain is debated among historians, with Charles Feinstein identifying detrimental impacts on British workers, whilst other historians, including Peter Lindert and Jeffrey Williamson claim the Industrial Revolution improved the living standards of British ...
During the 19th century, the established Church of England expanded greatly at home and abroad. [21] It enrolled about half the population, especially in rural areas where the local gentry dominated religious affairs. However it was much weaker in the fast-growing industrial cities. Church of England funding came largely from voluntary ...
The 19th century saw rapid technological development with a wide range of new inventions. This led Great Britain to become the foremost industrial and trading nation of the time. [ 70 ] Historians have characterised the mid-Victorian era (1850–1870) as Britain's 'Golden Years', [ 71 ] [ 72 ] with national income per person increasing by half.
The 19th century began on 1 January 1801 (represented by the Roman numerals MDCCCI), and ended on 31 December 1900 (MDCCCXCX). It was the 9th century of the 2nd millennium. It was the 9th century of the 2nd millennium.
England, which had subsumed Wales in the 16th century under Henry VIII, united with Scotland in 1707 to form a new sovereign state called Great Britain. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [ 10 ] Following the Industrial Revolution , which started in England, Great Britain ruled a colonial Empire , the largest in recorded history.
England remained an example of a country whose territorial administration relied solely on local government bodies until the end of the 19th century. They had broad powers and evolved towards decentralization. In the 19th century, local government reforms were carried out. [g] [14] The first stage, initiated between 1832 and 1835, concerned ...
The Chemical Society of London and the London Philanthropic Society [18] are founded. 1842 14 May: The Illustrated London News begins publication. [89] [6] 15 August: The Metropolitan Police establishes a Detective Branch. [27] 10 & 19 November: The Fleet Prison and Marshalsea debtor's prisons are closed, and inmates transferred to Queen's ...
There was no catastrophic epidemic or famine in England or Scotland in the nineteenth century—it was the first century in which a major epidemic did not occur throughout the whole country, and deaths per 1000 of population per year in England and Wales fell from 21.9 from 1848 to 1854 to 17 in 1901 (cf, for instance, 5.4 in 1971). [6]