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  2. Biomolecule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomolecule

    A biomolecule or biological molecule is loosely defined as a molecule produced by a living organism and essential to one or more typically biological processes. [1] Biomolecules include large macromolecules such as proteins , carbohydrates , lipids , and nucleic acids , as well as small molecules such as vitamins and hormones.

  3. CHNOPS - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CHNOPS

    Graphic representation of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur. CHNOPS and CHON are mnemonic acronyms for the most common elements in living organisms. . "CHON" stands for carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, which together make up more than 95 percent of the mass of biological system

  4. Nucleic acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acid

    Nucleic acid types differ in the structure of the sugar in their nucleotides–DNA contains 2'-deoxyribose while RNA contains ribose (where the only difference is the presence of a hydroxyl group). Also, the nucleobases found in the two nucleic acid types are different: adenine , cytosine , and guanine are found in both RNA and DNA, while ...

  5. List of biomolecules - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_biomolecules

    This is a list of articles that describe particular biomolecules or types of biomolecules. A. For ...

  6. Nucleotide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleotide

    This nucleotide contains the five-carbon sugar deoxyribose (at center), a nucleobase called adenine (upper right), and one phosphate group (left). The deoxyribose sugar joined only to the nitrogenous base forms a Deoxyribonucleoside called deoxyadenosine, whereas the whole structure along with the phosphate group is a nucleotide, a constituent of DNA with the name deoxyadenosine monophosphate.

  7. Nucleotide base - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleotide_base

    At the sides of nucleic acid structure, phosphate molecules successively connect the two sugar-rings of two adjacent nucleotide monomers, thereby creating a long chain biomolecule. These chain-joins of phosphates with sugars ( ribose or deoxyribose ) create the "backbone" strands for a single- or double helix biomolecule.

  8. Biological roles of the elements - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_roles_of_the...

    nitrogen: 7: 5: Ubiquitous, essential for all forms of life; all proteins and nucleic acids contain substantial amounts of nitrogen. [11] Toxic in some forms. [11] osmium: 76: 1a: None known. [11] Osmium is very rare, substantially more so than any element essential to life. [3] The oxide is toxic to humans. [11] oxygen: 8: 5

  9. Carbon-based life - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon-based_life

    Carbon compounds occur naturally in great abundance on Earth. Complex biological molecules consist of carbon atoms bonded with other elements, especially oxygen and hydrogen and frequently also nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur (collectively known as CHNOPS). [2] [3]