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The plastic kits and covers are mostly made of synthetic polymers like polythene, and tires are manufactured from polybutadienes. [1] However, due to the environmental issues created by these synthetic polymers which are mostly non-biodegradable and often synthesized from petroleum, alternatives like bioplastics are also being considered.
The remaining 5% of BPA is used in a wide range of applications, many of which involve plastic. [49] BPA is a main component of several high-performance plastics , the production of these is low compared to other plastics but still equals several thousand tons a year.
The development of plastics has evolved from the use of naturally plastic materials (e.g., gums and shellac) to the use of the chemical modification of those materials (e.g., natural rubber, cellulose, collagen, and milk proteins), and finally to completely synthetic plastics (e.g., bakelite, epoxy, and PVC).
The name "rayon" was adopted in 1924, with "viscose" being used for the viscous organic liquid used to make both rayon and cellophane. A similar product known as cellulose acetate was discovered in 1865. Rayon and acetate are both artificial fibers, but not truly synthetic, being made from wood. [4]
Higher molecular weight polyols (molecular weights from 2,000 to 10,000) are used to make more flexible polyurethanes while lower molecular weight polyols make more rigid products. Polyols for flexible applications use low functionality initiators such as dipropylene glycol ( f = 2), glycerine ( f = 3), or a sorbitol/water solution ( f = 2.75 ...
Polypropylene is commonly used in car bumpers, interior trims, and other components [19] where TiO₂ is added to improve the UV stability of the plastic, ensuring that parts do not degrade or lose color when exposed to sunlight over time. [20] Polyethylene films are widely used in agriculture for greenhouses, mulching, and silage wraps. [21]
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It was also used as a plasticizer in paints and especially "coal tars" that were used widely to coat water tanks, bridges and other infrastructure pieces. Modern sources include pigments, which may be used in inks for paper or plastic products. [32] PCBs are also still found in old equipment like capacitors, ballasts, X-ray machine, and other e ...