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Many communities were keen for their children to learn English as a second language and by 1879 there were 57 native schools. In 1880 the first inspector of native schools was appointed and a Native Schools Code was issued that prescribed a curriculum, established qualifications for teachers, and standardised operation for the Māori schools.
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The Mojave language became endangered during the manifest destiny movement of the 19th century when Mohave and other Native American children were taken away from their parents and tribes to be placed in boarding schools, where they were prohibited from speaking their language. The schools went so far as to prohibit students from speaking their ...
California, among other states, also has many public schools that have immersion programs, most commonly Spanish–English immersion but also including other languages. Immersion programs include native speakers of both languages and include instruction in both languages, with primary (grade) schools typically having 90% instruction in the ...
The program has also created a K-2 Dakotah language curriculum that includes books, CDs, games, and other materials for its implementation. [26] The AAIA has distributed their language materials to tribes nationwide to determine their interest in translating the content into their Native languages. [26]
One form of a two-way language immersion model is the 50–50 model, in which students use English half of the class time and the target Native language the other half of the class time. The other model is a 90–10 model, in which students use the target Native language 90% of the time beginning in kindergarten.
Over a thousand known languages were spoken by various peoples in North and South America prior to their first contact with Europeans. These encounters occurred between the beginning of the 11th century (with the Nordic settlement of Greenland and failed efforts in Newfoundland and Labrador) and the end of the 15th century (the voyages of Christopher Columbus).
Pupils at Carlisle Indian Industrial School, Pennsylvania, c. 1900. American Indian boarding schools, also known more recently as American Indian residential schools, were established in the United States from the mid-17th to the early 20th centuries with a primary objective of "civilizing" or assimilating Native American children and youth into Anglo-American culture.