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The alveolar gas equation is the method for calculating partial pressure of alveolar oxygen (pAO2). The equation is used in assessing if the lungs are properly transferring oxygen into the blood. The alveolar air equation is not widely used in clinical medicine, probably because of the complicated appearance of its classic forms.
In the study of heat transfer, Schwarzschild's equation[1][2][3] is used to calculate radiative transfer (energy transfer via electromagnetic radiation) through a medium in local thermodynamic equilibrium that both absorbs and emits radiation. The incremental change in spectral intensity, [4] (dIλ, [W/sr/m 2 /μm]) at a given wavelength as ...
Churchill equation [24] (1977) is the only equation that can be evaluated for very slow flow (Reynolds number < 1), but the Cheng (2008), [25] and Bellos et al. (2018) [8] equations also return an approximately correct value for friction factor in the laminar flow region (Reynolds number < 2300). All of the others are for transitional and ...
The general definition of the heat transfer coefficient is: where: : heat flux (W/m²); i.e., thermal power per unit area, : difference in temperature between the solid surface and surrounding fluid area (K) The heat transfer coefficient is the reciprocal of thermal insulance. This is used for building materials (R-value) and for clothing ...
When stated in terms of temperature differences, Newton's law (with several further simplifying assumptions, such as a low Biot number and a temperature-independent heat capacity) results in a simple differential equation expressing temperature-difference as a function of time. The solution to that equation describes an exponential decrease of ...
The sine and tangent small-angle approximations are used in relation to the double-slit experiment or a diffraction grating to develop simplified equations like the following, where y is the distance of a fringe from the center of maximum light intensity, m is the order of the fringe, D is the distance between the slits and projection screen ...
The simplest case refers to the formation of a strictly linear polymer by the reaction (usually by condensation) of two monomers in equimolar quantities. An example is the synthesis of nylon-6,6 whose formula is [−NH−(CH 2) 6 −NH−CO−(CH 2) 4 −CO−] n from one mole of hexamethylenediamine, H 2 N(CH 2) 6 NH 2, and one mole of adipic acid, HOOC−(CH 2) 4 −COOH.
Viscosity models for mixtures. The shear viscosity (or viscosity, in short) of a fluid is a material property that describes the friction between internal neighboring fluid surfaces (or sheets) flowing with different fluid velocities. This friction is the effect of (linear) momentum exchange caused by molecules with sufficient energy to move ...
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