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The Australian Cervical Cancer Foundation (ACCF), founded in 2008, promotes 'women's health by eliminating cervical cancer and enabling treatment for women with cervical cancer and related health issues, in Australia and in developing countries.' [155] Ian Frazer, one of the developers of the Gardasil cervical cancer vaccine, is the scientific ...
The cause of CIN is chronic infection of the cervix with HPV, especially infection with high-risk HPV types 16 or 18. It is thought that the high-risk HPV infections have the ability to inactivate tumor suppressor genes such as the p53 gene and the RB gene, thus allowing the infected cells to grow unchecked and accumulate successive mutations, eventually leading to cancer.
Clear-cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina is a rare cancer, occurring in up to 10% of primary vaginal malignancies. It is all but confirmed if maternal use of DES is established. Even though it was once thought to no longer occur past the age of 30, it is still seen in the 40s and 50s. Some of the main signs and symptoms for clear-cell ...
Cervical cancer is among the most common cancers worldwide, causing an estimated 604,000 new cases and 342,000 deaths in 2020. [1] About 90% of these new cases and deaths of cervical cancer occurred in low- and middle-income countries, where screening tests and treatment of early cervical cell changes are not readily available. [1]
Staging is the process of determining the type of cervical cancer and the extent the cancer has spread beyond the cervix to local or distant parts of the body. [ 12] To determine the stage of the cancer, various modalities may be used including physical examination, biopsies, pathological examinations, and imaging, including MRI, ultrasound, CT ...
A cervical polyp is a common benign polyp or tumour on the surface of the cervical canal. [ 2] They can cause irregular menstrual bleeding but often show no symptoms. Treatment consists of simple removal of the polyp and prognosis is generally good. About 1% of cervical polyps will show neoplastic change which may lead to cancer.
Small-cell carcinoma (SCC) of the cervix is an exceptional member of the neuroendocrine group of cervical carcinomas that is frequently intermixed with a non-SCC component in the form of an adenocarcinoma (ADC) or squamous carcinoma. SCC is an aggressive tumor that spreads very quickly early on; this leads to a fatal clinical course and minimal ...
Glassy cell carcinoma. Micrograph of a glassy cell carcinoma of the cervix. H&E stain. Specialty. Oncology. Glassy cell carcinoma of the cervix, also glassy cell carcinoma, is a rare aggressive malignant tumour of the uterine cervix. [ 1] The tumour gets its name from its microscopic appearance; its cytoplasm has a glass-like appearance.