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Hoffman nucleation theory is a theory developed by John D. Hoffman and coworkers in the 1970s and 80s that attempts to describe the crystallization of a polymer in terms of the kinetics and thermodynamics of polymer surface nucleation. [1] The theory introduces a model where a surface of completely crystalline polymer is created and introduces ...
There are two main descriptions of motion: dynamics and kinematics.Dynamics is general, since the momenta, forces and energy of the particles are taken into account. In this instance, sometimes the term dynamics refers to the differential equations that the system satisfies (e.g., Newton's second law or Euler–Lagrange equations), and sometimes to the solutions to those equations.
Rate equation. In chemistry, the rate equation (also known as the rate law or empirical differential rate equation) is an empirical differential mathematical expression for the reaction rate of a given reaction in terms of concentrations of chemical species and constant parameters (normally rate coefficients and partial orders of reaction) only ...
The result is equivalent to the Michaelis–Menten kinetics of reactions catalyzed at a site on an enzyme. The rate equation is complex, and the reaction order is not clear. In experimental work, usually two extreme cases are looked for in order to prove the mechanism. In them, the rate-determining step can be: Limiting step: adsorption/desorption
Arrhenius plot. In chemical kinetics, an Arrhenius plot displays the logarithm of a reaction rate constant, ( , ordinate axis) plotted against reciprocal of the temperature ( , abscissa). [1] Arrhenius plots are often used to analyze the effect of temperature on the rates of chemical reactions. For a single rate-limited thermally activated ...
Law of mass action. In chemistry, the law of mass action is the proposition that the rate of a chemical reaction is directly proportional to the product of the activities or concentrations of the reactants. [1] It explains and predicts behaviors of solutions in dynamic equilibrium. Specifically, it implies that for a chemical reaction mixture ...
The Van 't Hoff equation relates the change in the equilibrium constant, Keq, of a chemical reaction to the change in temperature, T, given the standard enthalpy change, ΔrH⊖, for the process. The subscript means "reaction" and the superscript means "standard". It was proposed by Dutch chemist Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff in 1884 in his book ...
In chemical kinetics, the Lindemann mechanism (also called the Lindemann–Christiansen mechanism[1] or the Lindemann–Hinshelwood mechanism[2][3]) is a schematic reaction mechanism for unimolecular reactions. Frederick Lindemann and J. A. Christiansen proposed the concept almost simultaneously in 1921, [4][1] and Cyril Hinshelwood developed ...