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Ammonia is a common chemical compound with many uses and properties. Learn about its history, structure, production, and applications on Wikipedia.
Ammonia production takes place worldwide, mostly in large-scale manufacturing plants that produce 183 million metric tonnes [1] of ammonia (2021) annually. [2][3] Leading producers are China (31.9%), Russia (8.7%), India (7.5%), and the United States (7.1%). 80% or more of ammonia is used as fertilizer. Ammonia is also used for the production ...
Ammonia solution, also known as ammonia water, ammonium hydroxide, ammoniacal liquor, ammonia liquor, aqua ammonia, aqueous ammonia, or (inaccurately) ammonia, is a solution of ammonia in water. It can be denoted by the symbols NH 3 (aq). Although the name ammonium hydroxide suggests a salt with the composition [NH+. 4] [OH−.
The Haber process, [1] also called the Haber–Bosch process, is the main industrial procedure for the production of ammonia. [2][3] It converts atmospheric nitrogen (N 2) to ammonia (NH 3) by a reaction with hydrogen (H 2) using a finely divided iron metal catalyst: This reaction is slightly favorable in terms of enthalpy, but is disfavored in ...
Ammonium is a modified form of ammonia that has an extra hydrogen atom. It is a positively charged (cationic) molecular ion with the chemical formula NH+ 4 or [NH4]+. It is formed by the addition of a proton (a hydrogen nucleus) to ammonia (NH3).
Ammonium carbonate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula [N H 4]2 C O 3. It is an ammonium salt of carbonic acid. It is composed of ammonium cations [NH4]+ and carbonate anions CO2− 3. Since ammonium carbonate readily degrades to gaseous ammonia and carbon dioxide upon heating, it is used as a leavening agent and also as smelling salt.
Ammonia pollution. Estimated increase in annual mean surface concentration of particulate matter resulting from ammonia emissions associated with food export. The lichen Bryoria fuscescens which is sensitive to ammonia pollution. Ammonia pollution is pollution by the chemical ammonia (NH 3) – a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen which is a ...
Fritz Haber (German pronunciation: [ˈfʁɪt͡s ˈhaːbɐ] ⓘ; 9 December 1868 – 29 January 1934) was a German chemist who received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1918 for his invention of the Haber–Bosch process, a method used in industry to synthesize ammonia from nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas. This invention is important for the large ...
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