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The history of the U.S. state of Minnesota is shaped by its original Native American residents, European exploration and settlement, and the emergence of industries made possible by the state's natural resources. Early economic growth was based on fur trading, logging, milling and farming, and later through railroads and iron mining.
The territorial era of Minnesota lasted from the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 to Minnesota 's achieving statehood in 1858. The Minnesota Territory itself was formed only in 1849 but the area had a rich history well before this. Though there was a long history of European presence in the area before 19th century, it was during the 19th century ...
The early settlers of Minnesota were anxiously seeking railroad transportation, but insufficient capital was available after the Panic of 1857. Rails were finally built in Minnesota in 1862, when the St. Paul and Pacific Railroad built its first ten miles (16 km) of track from the Phalen Creek area in St. Paul to a stop just short of St ...
The Minnesota Territory was formed on March 3, 1849, encompassing the entirety of the present-day state of Minnesota and the majority portions of modern-day North and South Dakota east of the Missouri and White Earth Rivers. [2] At the time of formation there were an estimated 5,000 settlers living in the Territory.
The first Norwegian settlement in Minnesota was Norwegian Ridge, in what is now Spring Grove, Minnesota. Another such settlement was the 1851 colony in Goodhue County, Minnesota. They soon settled in Fillmore County as well. By 1860, half of Minnesota's 12,000 Norwegians resided in Goodhue, Fillmore, and Houston Counties. Ten years later, these ...
Minnesota's racial demographics have significantly diversified since its early settlement period. As of 2020, according to U.S. census data, the white population had fallen to 77.5% from over 98% in the early to mid-20th century. [ 93 ]
The first Swedes recorded in the Minnesota Territory appeared in the 1850 United States Census. [10] By April 1851, the first permanent Swedish settlement was established in the Chisago Lakes region of Chisago County. [10] Pioneers like Erik Ulrick Norberg and Johan Oscar Roos were among the first to settle in this region.
Saint Paul was incorporated as a city in 1854, and in 1858, Minnesota was admitted as the 32nd state of the union with Saint Paul becoming the capital. Natural geography played a role in the settlement and development of Saint Paul as a trade and transportation center. The Mississippi River valley in the area surrounding the city is defined by ...