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In genetics, dominance is the phenomenon of one variant (allele) of a gene on a chromosome masking or overriding the effect of a different variant of the same gene on the other copy of the chromosome. [1][2] The first variant is termed dominant and the second is called recessive. This state of having two different variants of the same gene on ...
Dominance hierarchy. A high-ranking male mandrill advertises his status with bright facial coloration. [1] In the zoological field of ethology, a dominance hierarchy (formerly and colloquially called a pecking order) is a type of social hierarchy that arises when members of animal social groups interact, creating a ranking system.
Each line shows one of the three possible genotypes. In population genetics, the Hardy–Weinberg principle, also known as the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, model, theorem, or law, states that allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of other evolutionary influences.
Underdominance. In genetics, underdominance, also known as homozygote advantage, heterozygote disadvantage, or negative overdominance, " [1] is the opposite of overdominance. It is the selection against the heterozygote, causing disruptive selection [2] and divergent genotypes. Underdominance exists in situations where the heterozygotic ...
Additive genetic effects occur where expression of more than one gene contributes to phenotype (or where alleles of a heterozygous gene both contribute), and the phenotypic expression of these gene (s) can be said to be the sum of these contributions. Non-additive effects involve dominance or epistasis, and cause outcomes that are not a sum of ...
Also called functionalism. The Darwinian view that many or most physiological and behavioral traits of organisms are adaptations that have evolved for specific functions or for specific reasons (as opposed to being byproducts of the evolution of other traits, consequences of biological constraints, or the result of random variation). adaptive radiation The simultaneous or near-simultaneous ...
Heterosis. Time course imaging of two maize inbreds and their F1 hybrid (middle) exhibiting heterosis. Heterosis, hybrid vigor, or outbreeding enhancement is the improved or increased function of any biological quality in a hybrid offspring. An offspring is heterotic if its traits are enhanced as a result of mixing the genetic contributions of ...
Plant reproductive morphology. Plant reproductive morphology is the study of the physical form and structure (the morphology) of those parts of plants directly or indirectly concerned with sexual reproduction. Among all living organisms, flowers, which are the reproductive structures of angiosperms, are the most varied physically and show a ...