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A definite integral of a function can be represented as the signed area of the region bounded by its graph and the horizontal axis; in the above graph as an example, the integral of () is the yellow (−) area subtracted from the blue (+) area
Linear: An integral equation is linear if the unknown function u (x) and its integrals appear linear in the equation. [ 1 ] Hence, an example of a linear equation would be: 1 As a note on naming convention: i) u (x) is called the unknown function, ii) f (x) is called a known function, iii) K (x,t) is a function of two variables and often called ...
More detail may be found on the following pages for the lists of integrals: Gradshteyn, Ryzhik, Geronimus, Tseytlin, Jeffrey, Zwillinger, and Moll 's (GR) Table of Integrals, Series, and Products contains a large collection of results. An even larger, multivolume table is the Integrals and Series by Prudnikov, Brychkov, and Marichev (with ...
Two other well-known examples are when integration by parts is applied to a function expressed as a product of 1 and itself. This works if the derivative of the function is known, and the integral of this derivative times is also known. The first example is (). We write this as:
In mathematics, the definite integral. is the area of the region in the xy -plane bounded by the graph of f, the x -axis, and the lines x = a and x = b, such that area above the x -axis adds to the total, and that below the x -axis subtracts from the total. The fundamental theorem of calculus establishes the relationship between indefinite and ...
Riemann integral. The integral as the area of a region under a curve. A sequence of Riemann sums over a regular partition of an interval. The number on top is the total area of the rectangles, which converges to the integral of the function. The partition does not need to be regular, as shown here.
Gaussian integral. A graph of the function and the area between it and the -axis, (i.e. the entire real line) which is equal to . The Gaussian integral, also known as the Euler–Poisson integral, is the integral of the Gaussian function over the entire real line. Named after the German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss, the integral is.
The contour integral of a complex function: is a generalization of the integral for real-valued functions. For continuous functions in the complex plane , the contour integral can be defined in analogy to the line integral by first defining the integral along a directed smooth curve in terms of an integral over a real valued parameter.