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Tolerable upper intake levels (UL), to caution against excessive intake of nutrients (like vitamin A and selenium) that can be harmful in large amounts. This is the highest level of sustained daily nutrient consumption that is considered to be safe for, and cause no side effects in, 97.5% of healthy individuals in each life stage and sex group ...
From regulatory agency to regulatory agency there is a wide range between what is considered Tolerable upper intake levels (ULs). The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) adult UL for vitamin B 6 is set at 12 mg/day [22] versus 100 mg/day for the United States. [4]
Megavitamin-B6 syndrome, also known as hypervitaminosis B6, vitamin B6 toxicity, and vitamin B6 excess, [a] is a medical condition characterized by adverse effects resulting from excessive intake of vitamin B 6. [1][2][22] Primarily affecting the nervous system, this syndrome manifests through symptoms such as peripheral sensory neuropathy ...
Based on risk assessment, a safe upper intake level of 250 μg (10,000 IU) per day in healthy adults has been suggested by non-government authors. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] Blood levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D necessary to cause adverse effects in adults are thought to be greater than about 150 ng/mL, leading the Endocrine Society to suggest an upper limit ...
Definition. [edit] Vitamin B 12 is a coordination complex of cobalt, which occupies the center of a corrin ligand and is further bound to a benzimidazole ligand and adenosyl group. [ 17 ] A number of related species are known and these behave similarly, in particular all function as vitamins.
Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) Harmful effects Vitamin B 1: None [22] No known toxicity from oral intake. There are some reports of anaphylaxis caused by high-dose thiamin injections into the vein or muscle. However, the doses were greater than the quantity humans can physically absorb from oral intake. [22] Vitamin B 2: None [23]
Reference Daily Intake. In the U.S. and Canada, the Reference Daily Intake (RDI) is used in nutrition labeling on food and dietary supplement products to indicate the daily intake level of a nutrient that is considered to be sufficient to meet the requirements of 97–98% of healthy individuals in every demographic in the United States.
The EFSA reviewed safe levels of intake in 2012, [122] setting the tolerable upper limit for adults at 100 μg/day (4000 IU), a similar conclusion as the IOM. The Swedish National Food Agency recommends a daily intake of 10 μg (400 IU) of vitamin D 3 for children and adults up to 75 years, and 20 μg (800 IU) for adults 75 and older. [131]