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The invisible hand is a metaphor inspired by the Scottish moral philosopher Adam Smith that describes the incentives which free markets sometimes create for self-interested people to act unintentionally in the public interest. Smith originally mentioned the term in two specific, but different, economic examples.
Fundamental theorems of welfare economics. There are two fundamental theorems of welfare economics. The first states that in economic equilibrium, a set of complete markets, with complete information, and in perfect competition, will be Pareto optimal (in the sense that no further exchange would make one person better off without making another ...
This idea formed the foundation of laissez-faire economic philosophy and subsequent neoclassical economics, where Milton Friedman’s ideas about economic systems lay. The free market originated from the concept of the invisible hand, and eventuates in a meritocratic society with resources allocated on the basis of merit. Modern representations ...
Economics. Adam Smith FRS FRSE FRSA (baptised 16 June [O.S. 5 June] 1723 [1] – 17 July 1790) was a Scottish [a] economist and philosopher who was a pioneer in the thinking of political economy and key figure during the Scottish Enlightenment. [3] Seen by some as "The Father of Economics" [4] or "The Father of Capitalism", [5] he wrote two ...
Welfare economics is a field of economics that applies microeconomic techniques to evaluate the overall well-being (welfare) of a society. This evaluation is typically done at the economy-wide level, [1] and attempts to assess the distribution of resources and opportunities among members of society. The principles of welfare economics are often ...
Distributive justice concerns the socially just allocation of resources, goods, opportunity in a society. It is concerned with how to allocate resources fairly among members of a society, taking into account factors such as wealth, income, and social status. Often contrasted with just process and formal equal opportunity, distributive justice ...
The Black Book of Capitalism (Subtitle: A Farewell to Market Economy) (Original title: Das Schwarzbuch Kapitalismus – Ein Abgesang auf die Marktwirtschaft) is a book written by German philosopher and critical-theorist Robert Kurz and published in 1999. [1][2] It critically examines the history and purported slow collapse of capitalism.
e. In philosophy, economics, and political science, the common good (also commonwealth, general welfare, or public benefit) is either what is shared and beneficial for all or most members of a given community, or alternatively, what is achieved by citizenship, collective action, and active participation in the realm of politics and public service.