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Erythroplakia has an unknown cause but researchers presume it to be similar to the causes of squamous cell carcinoma. Carcinoma is found in almost 40% of erythroplakia. [12] It is mostly found in elderly men around the ages of 65 - 74. It is commonly associated with smoking. Alcohol and tobacco use have been described as risk factors. [13]
It usually occurs within the mouth, although sometimes mucosa in other parts of the gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, or genitals may be affected. [10] [11] [12] The cause of leukoplakia is unknown. [6] Risk factors for formation inside the mouth include smoking, chewing tobacco, excessive alcohol, and use of betel nuts.
AC may occur with skin lesions of actinic keratosis or skin cancer elsewhere, particularly on the head and neck [6] since these are the most sun exposed areas. Rarely it may represent a genetic susceptibility to light damage (e.g. xeroderma pigmentosum or actinic prurigo). [2]
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Oral and maxillofacial pathology refers to the diseases of the mouth ("oral cavity" or "stoma"), jaws ("maxillae" or "gnath") and related structures such as salivary glands, temporomandibular joints, facial muscles and perioral skin (the skin around the mouth). [1] [2] The mouth is an important organ with many different functions. It is also ...
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It is called plasma cell gingivitis where the gingiva (gums) are involved, [5] plasma cell cheilitis, [5] where the lips are involved, and other terms such as plasma cell orifacial mucositis, [5] or plasma cell gingivostomatitis where several sites in the mouth are involved. On the lips, the condition appears as sharply outlined, infiltrated ...
Cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma is the second-most common cancer of the skin (after basal-cell carcinoma, but more common than melanoma). It usually occurs in areas exposed to the sun. Sunlight exposure and immunosuppression are risk factors for SCC of the skin, with chronic sun exposure being the strongest environmental risk factor. [26]