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For example, depicting an act of war (an attack) as a "peace" mission or "spinning" a kidnapping as a protective custody. A seventeenth-century story collection, Zhang Yingyu's The Book of Swindles (ca. 1617), offers multiple examples of the bait-and-switch and fraud techniques involving the stimulation of greed in Ming-dynasty China. [7]
An example of this is the United States Department of Defense, which won the award three times, in 1991, 1993, and 2001. For the 1991 award, the United States Department of Defense "swept the first six places in the Doublespeak top ten" [ 26 ] for using euphemisms like "servicing the target" (bombing) and "force packages" (warplanes).
Intention: Misstatements can be made deliberately with the intent to deceive or unintentionally due to misconception. Consequences: Impact of misstatements can vary, ranging from minor misconceptions to significant societal repercussions. In legal contexts, making false statements can have serious repercussions such as defamation, fraud, or ...
An example is a probabilistically valid instance of the formally invalid argument form of denying the antecedent or affirming the consequent. [ 12 ] Thus, "fallacious arguments usually have the deceptive appearance of being good arguments, [ 13 ] because for most fallacious instances of an argument form, a similar but non-fallacious instance ...
This latest example came just one day after he backed away from a false claim that his initiative had thwarted a plan to spend $50 million on condoms for Gaza, conceding that “some of the things ...
A half-truth is a deceptive statement that includes some element of truth.The statement might be partly true, the statement may be totally true, but only part of the whole truth, or it may use some deceptive element, such as improper punctuation, or double meaning, especially if the intent is to deceive, evade, blame or misrepresent the truth.
[examples needed] Nonetheless, it remains in use in many areas, primarily as a method for eliciting confessions or employment screening. The unreliability of polygraph results is the basis of the exclusion of such evaluations as admissible evidence in many courts, and the technique is generally perceived to be an example of pseudoscience. [41]
Example: The Allied use of "sunshields" in Operation Bertram [27] and inflatable decoys in Operation Bodyguard during World War II to deceive the enemy as to the size, location and objectives of Allied forces. [28] These basic deception tactics are often used in combination with each other as part of a larger deception plan. [22]