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Ronbun Hakase (論文博士) is a method of obtaining a doctoral degree by way of dissertation without taking or completing a course of study. [1] Ronbun (論文) means thesis or dissertation and hakase (博士) means doctoral degree in Japanese. It is also called Otsu Hakase (乙博士) or Otsu-gō Hakase (乙号博士). [2]
For the purposes of this survey, a research doctorate is defined as "a doctoral degree that (1) requires completion of an original intellectual contribution in the form of a dissertation or an equivalent culminating project (e.g., musical composition) and (2) is not primarily intended as a degree for the practice of a profession."
Doctoral degrees occupy the highest of these levels: level ten. [75]: 63 All doctoral degrees involve research and this is a defining characteristic of them. [75]: 63 There are three categories of doctoral degrees recognized by the AQF: research doctorates, professional doctorates and higher doctorates. [75]: 63–64
An undergraduate thesis is completed in the final year of the degree alongside existing seminar (lecture) or laboratory courses, and is often divided into two presentations: proposal and thesis presentations (though this varies across universities), whereas a master thesis or doctorate dissertation is accomplished in the last term alone and is ...
These are fields of research-oriented doctoral studies, leading mostly to Ph.D.s – in the academic year 2014–15, 98% of the 55,006 research doctorates awarded in the U.S. were Ph.D.s; 1.1% were Ed.D.s; 0.9% were other research doctorates. [2]
At most universities, dissertation is the term for the required submission for the doctorate, and thesis refers only to the master's degree requirement. Generally speaking, a dissertation is judged as to whether or not it makes an original and unique contribution to scholarship.
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"All but dissertation" (ABD) is a term identifying a stage in the process of obtaining a research doctorate, most commonly used in the United States.. In typical usage of the term, the ABD graduate student has completed the required preparatory coursework and passed the required preliminary, comprehensive, and doctoral qualifying examinations (or PhD candidacy examination).