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In geometry, a uniform polyhedron is a polyhedron which has regular polygons as faces and is vertex-transitive (transitive on its vertices, isogonal, i.e. there is an isometry mapping any vertex onto any other). It follows that all vertices are congruent, and the polyhedron has a high degree of reflectional and rotational symmetry.
A polytope is a geometric object with flat sides, which exists in any general number of dimensions. The following list of polygons, polyhedra and polytopes gives the names of various classes of polytopes and lists some specific examples.
Colored regions are cross-sections of the solid cone. Their boundaries (in black) are the named plane sections. A cross section of a polyhedron is a polygon. The conic sections – circles, ellipses, parabolas, and hyperbolas – are plane sections of a cone with the cutting planes at various different angles, as seen in the diagram at left.
where V, E, and F are respectively the numbers of vertices (corners), edges and faces in the given polyhedron. [2] Any convex polyhedron's surface has Euler characteristic = + = . This equation, stated by Euler in 1758, [3] is known as Euler's polyhedron formula. [4]
Picture Name Schläfli symbol Vertex/Face configuration exact dihedral angle (radians) dihedral angle – exact in bold, else approximate (degrees) Platonic solids (regular convex)
Examples include Circoporus octahedrus, Circogonia icosahedra, Lithocubus geometricus and Circorrhegma dodecahedra; the shapes of these creatures are indicated by their names. [5] The outer protein shells of many viruses form regular polyhedra. For example, HIV is enclosed in a regular icosahedron, as is the head of a typical myovirus. [6] [7]
It is an example of a Platonic solid and of a deltahedron. The icosahedral graph represents the skeleton of a regular icosahedron. Many polyhedra are constructed from the regular icosahedron. For example, most of the Kepler–Poinsot polyhedron is constructed by faceting. Some of the Johnson solids can be constructed by removing the pentagonal ...
For example a tetrahedron is a polyhedron with four faces, a pentahedron is a polyhedron with five faces, a hexahedron is a polyhedron with six faces, etc. [16] For a complete list of the Greek numeral prefixes see Numeral prefix § Table of number prefixes in English, in the column for Greek cardinal numbers. The names of tetrahedra, hexahedra ...