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Compound verbs, a highly visible feature of Hindi–Urdu grammar, consist of a verbal stem plus a light verb. The light verb (also called "subsidiary", "explicator verb", and "vector" [ 55 ] ) loses its own independent meaning and instead "lends a certain shade of meaning" [ 56 ] to the main or stem verb, which "comprises the lexical core of ...
The light verb (also called "subsidiary", "explicator verb", and "vector" [20]) loses its own independent meaning and instead "lends a certain shade of meaning" [21] to the main or stem verb, which "comprises the lexical core of the compound". [20] While almost any verb can act as a main verb, there is a limited set of productive light verbs. [22]
Hindi-Urdu, also known as Hindustani, has three noun cases (nominative, oblique, and vocative) [1] [2] and five pronoun cases (nominative, accusative, dative, genitive, and oblique). The oblique case in pronouns has three subdivisions: Regular, Ergative , and Genitive .
For number 0, Modern Standard Hindi is more inclined towards śūnya (a Sanskrit tatsama) and Standard Urdu is more inclined towards sifr (borrowed from Arabic), while the native tadbhava-form is sunnā in Hindustani. Sometimes the ardha-tatsama form śūn is also used (semi-learned borrowing).
Hindustani, also known as Hindi-Urdu, like all Indo-Aryan languages, has a core base of Sanskrit-derived vocabulary, which it gained through Prakrit. [1] As such the standardized registers of the Hindustani language (Hindi-Urdu) share a common vocabulary, especially on the colloquial level. [ 2 ]
At the spoken level, Hindi and Urdu are considered registers of a single language, Hindustani or Hindi–Urdu, as they share a common grammar and core vocabulary, [20] [21] [94] [49] [47] they differ in literary and formal vocabulary; where literary Hindi draws heavily on Sanskrit and to a lesser extent Prakrit, literary Urdu draws heavily on ...
For higher powers of ten, naming diverges. The Indian system uses names for every second power of ten: lakh (10 5), crore (10 7), arab (10 9), kharab (10 11), etc. In the two Western systems, long and short scales, there are names for every third power of ten. The short scale uses million (10 6), billion (10 9), trillion (10 12), etc.
The end of a sentence or half-verse may be marked with the "।" symbol (called a daṇḍa, meaning "bar", or called a pūrṇa virām, meaning "full stop/pause"). The end of a full verse may be marked with a double-daṇḍa, a "॥" symbol. A comma (called an alpa virām, meaning "short stop/pause") is used to denote a natural pause in speech.