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2. Drain-waste-vent system - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drain-waste-vent_system

   The key to a functional island fixture vent is that the top elbow must be at least as high as the "flood level" (the peak possible drain water level in the sink), allowing it to serve as a de facto vacuum breaker preventing the loop from becoming a siphon for an overfilled sink, as from a clogged drain (rather than vent) line.

3. Air gap (plumbing) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_gap_(plumbing)

   This "air gap" is visible above the sink as a small cylindrical fixture mounted near the faucet. In the base cabinet under the sink, the drain hose from the dishwasher feeds the "top" of the air gap, and the "bottom" of the air gap is plumbed into the sink drain below the basket, or into a garbage disposal unit. When installed and maintained ...

4. Plumbing fixture - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumbing_fixture

   In some occasional cases, a sink may have both a potable (drinkable) and a non-potable water supply. Lavatories and water closets normally connect to the water supply by means of a supply , which is a tube, usually of nominal 3/8 in ( United States ) or 10 or 12 mm diameter ( Europe and Middle East ), which connects the water supply to the ...

5. Air changes per hour - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_changes_per_hour

   Air changes are often cited as a means of preventing condensation in houses with forced ventilation systems often rated 3–5 ACH though without referencing the size of the house. However, where ACH is already greater than 0.75 a forced ventilation system is unlikely to be of use at controlling condensation and instead insulation or heating are ...

6. Nominal Pipe Size - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nominal_Pipe_Size

   Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) is a North American set of standard sizes for pipes used for high or low pressures and temperatures. [1] " Nominal" refers to pipe in non-specific terms and identifies the diameter of the hole with a non-dimensional number (for example – 2-inch nominal steel pipe" consists of many varieties of steel pipe with the only criterion being a 2.375-inch (60.3 mm) outside ...

7. Piping and plumbing fitting - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piping_and_plumbing_fitting

   A reducer reduces the pipe size from a larger to a smaller bore (inner diameter). Alternatively, reducer may refer to any fitting which causes a change in pipe diameter. [15] This change may be intended to meet hydraulic flow requirements of the system or adapt to existing piping of a different size. The reduction length is usually equal to the ...

8. Trap (plumbing) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trap_(plumbing)

   The U-bend could not jam, so, unlike the S-bend, it did not need an overflow. In the United States, traps are commonly referred to as P-traps. It is the addition of a 90 degree fitting on the outlet side of a U-bend, thereby creating a P-like shape (oriented horizontally). It is also referred to as a sink trap because it is installed under most ...

9. Plumbing - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumbing

   Much of the plumbing work in populated areas is regulated by government or quasi-government agencies due to the direct impact on the public's health, safety, and welfare. Plumbing installation and repair work on residences and other buildings generally must be done according to plumbing and building codes to protect the inhabitants of the ...