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The Berlin Crisis of 1961 (German: Berlin-Krise) was the last major European political and military incident of the Cold War concerning the status of the German capital city, Berlin, and of post–World War II Germany. The crisis culminated in the city's de facto partition with the East German erection of the Berlin Wall.
Barbed Wire Sunday (German: Stacheldrahtsonntag), is the name given to 13 August 1961, when the military and police of East Germany closed the border between East and West Berlin and began the construction of what would become the Berlin Wall. The intention of closing the border was to prevent the migration of East Germans to the West. [1]
East German border guard Konrad Schumann fleeing East Germany, 1961. In 1961, the Grenzpolizei were reorganized as the Border Troops of the GDR (Grenztruppen der DDR) and were moved from the Ministry of the Interior, which oversaw policing, to the Ministry of National Defence (MfNV) which oversaw the military.
Fallen Elites: The Military Other in Post-Unification Germany. Stanford University Press. 288 pages; An ethnographic study of former East German officers. Herspring, Dale Roy. Requiem for an Army: The Demise of the East German Military, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 1998, ISBN 978-0847687183, 249 pages; Schönbohm, Jörg (1996).
East Germany's political and economic system reflected its status as a part of the Eastern Bloc of Soviet-allied Communist countries, with the nation ruled by the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) and operating with a command economy for 41 years until 3 October 1990 when East and West Germany were unified with the former being absorbed ...
People killed crossing the East German borders before and after 13 August 1961: figures as of 2000 [33] Before 13 August 1961 (1) After 13 August 1961 (1) Total (1) Total (2) Inner German border 100 271 371 290 Berlin border/Wall 16 239 255 96 Baltic Sea 15 174 189 17 GDR border guards 11 16 27 – Soviet troops 1 5 6 – Berlin ring road –
This is a list of wars involving Germany from 962. It includes the Holy Roman Empire, Confederation of the Rhine, the German Confederation, the North German Confederation, the German Empire, the Weimar Republic, Nazi Germany, the German Democratic Republic (DDR, "East Germany") and the present Federal Republic of Germany (BRD, until German reunification in 1990 known as "West Germany").
The political history of East Germany had four periods: [80] 1949–1961, which saw the building of socialism; 1961–1970, after the Berlin Wall closed off escape, was a period of stability and consolidation; 1971–1985 was termed the "Honecker Era", and saw closer ties with West Germany; and 1985–1990 saw the decline and extinction of East ...