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The traditional number of ten plagues is not actually mentioned in Exodus, and other sources differ; Psalms 78 and 105 seem to list only seven or eight plagues and order them differently. [1] It appears that originally there were only seven, to which were added the third, sixth, and ninth, bringing the count to ten. [27]: 83–84
Moses negotiated the Exodus from Egypt with Pharaoh leading to the Ten plagues. When Pharaoh enslaved the Children of Israel, the Egyptians appointed conscription officers over the Israelites to crush their spirits with hard labor. The Israelites were to build up the cities of Pithom and Ra'amses as supply centers for Pharaoh.
Scientists have looked for evidence that could be linked to the Exodus story. Skip to main content. Sign in. Mail. 24/7 Help. For premium support please call: 800-290-4726 more ways ...
Because Pharaoh Ramesses refuses to free the Hebrews, Egypt is struck with ten plagues. Only after the final one, during which Pharaoh's beloved son dies, are the Hebrews freed. However, Pharaoh's heart is hardened once more due to him being unable to accept his son's death, and decides to try to re-capture them.
This means that there is no longer any a priori reason to believe that Exodus 20:2–17 and Exodus 34:10–28 were composed during different stages of Israelite history. According to John Bright, there was an important distinction between the Decalogue and the "book of the covenant" (Exodus 21–23 and 34:10–24).
Genesis 12:10–20 tells of Abram moving to Egypt to escape a period of famine in Canaan. Abram worries that the unnamed pharaoh will kill him and take away his wife Sarai, so Abram tells her to say she is his sister. They are eventually summoned to meet the pharaoh, but God sends plagues against the pharaoh because of his intention to marry Sarai.
The first exodus followed a 1628 BCE Minoan eruption that produced all but one of the first nine plagues. The second exodus followed an eruption of a volcano off the Aegean island of Yali almost two centuries later, creating the tenth plague of darkness and a series of tsunamis that … drowned [Tuthmose III and] the pursuing Egyptian army."
The prophecy parallels one of the Ten Plagues against Egypt in the Book of Exodus (Ex. 10:21–29). [3] The Apocalypse of John also mentions a plague of unnatural darkness as an effect of the fifth vial ( Revelation 16:10 : "And the fifth angel poured out his vial upon the seat of the beast; and his kingdom was full of darkness").