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[1] [2] Supporting cells are also responsible for removing damaged hair cells from the inner ear. [2] Outer hair cell and Deiter's cell. Hair cells and most supporting cells are ectoderm-derived. [2] The main types of supporting cells are Hensen's cells, Deiters’ cells, Claudius cells, inner phalangeal cells, and inner and outer pillar cells. [1]
The spiral (cochlear) ganglion is a group of neuron cell bodies in the modiolus, the conical central axis of the cochlea. These bipolar neurons innervate the hair cells of the organ of Corti . They project their axons to the ventral and dorsal cochlear nuclei as the cochlear nerve , a branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII).
The vestibular nerve is one of the two branches of the vestibulocochlear nerve (the cochlear nerve being the other). In humans the vestibular nerve transmits sensory information from vestibular hair cells located in the two otolith organs (the utricle and the saccule) and the three semicircular canals via the vestibular ganglion of Scarpa.
Specialized inner ear cell include: hair cells, pillar cells, Boettcher's cells, Claudius' cells, spiral ganglion neurons, and Deiters' cells (phalangeal cells). The hair cells are the primary auditory receptor cells and they are also known as auditory sensory cells, acoustic hair cells, auditory cells or cells of Corti.
Sensory hearing loss often occurs as a consequence of damaged or deficient cochlear hair cells. [disputed – discuss] Hair cells may be abnormal at birth or damaged during the lifetime of an individual. There are both external causes of damage, including infection, and ototoxic drugs, as well as intrinsic causes, including genetic mutations.
NIHL caused by acute acoustic trauma refers to permanent cochlear damage from a one-time exposure to excessive sound pressure. This form of NIHL commonly results from exposure to high-intensity sounds such as explosions, gunfire, a large drum hit loudly, and firecrackers. According to one US study, excessive noise levels in cinemas are ...
The damage can become permanent (permanent threshold shift, PTS) if sufficient recovery time is not allowed before continued sound exposure. [1] When the hearing loss is rooted from a traumatic occurrence, it may be classified as noise-induced hearing loss, or NIHL. There are two main types of auditory fatigue, short-term and long-term. [2]
Cross-section through the spiral organ of Corti at greater magnification, showing position of the hair cells on the basement membrane. The organ of Corti is located in the scala media of the cochlea of the inner ear between the vestibular duct and the tympanic duct and is composed of mechanosensory cells, known as hair cells. [2]