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Nutrient cycle is more often used in direct reference to the idea of an intra-system cycle, where an ecosystem functions as a unit. From a practical point, it does not make sense to assess a terrestrial ecosystem by considering the full column of air above it as well as the great depths of Earth below it.
The limitation of productivity in any aquatic system varies with the rate of supply (from external sources) and removal (flushing out) of nutrients from the body of water. [14] This means that some nutrients are more prevalent in certain areas than others and different ecosystems and environments have different limiting factors.
Production is limited by the availability of nutrients, most commonly nitrogen or iron. Numerous experiments [8] have demonstrated how iron fertilization can increase phytoplankton productivity. Nitrogen is a limiting nutrient over much of the ocean and can be supplied from various sources, including fixation by cyanobacteria.
In some coastal marine ecosystems, research has found nitrogen to be the key limiting nutrient, driving primary production independently of phosphorus. [ 17 ] [ 18 ] Nitrogen fixation cannot adequately supply these marine ecosystems, because the nitrogen fixing microbes are themselves limited by the availability of various abiotic factors like ...
The seminal synthesis by Geider and La Roche in 2002, [101] as well as the more recent work by Persson et al. in 2010, [102] has shown that C:P and N:P could vary by up to a factor of 20 between nutrient-replete and nutrient-limited cells. These studies have also shown that the C:N ratio can be modestly plastic due to nutrient limitation.
Due to these limiting effects, nutrient inputs can potentially alleviate the limitations on net primary production of an aquatic ecosystem. [24] Allochthonous material washed into an aquatic ecosystem introduces N and P as well as energy in the form of carbon molecules that are readily taken up by primary producers. [15]
The iron cycle is an important component of the terrestrial ecosystems. The ferrous form of iron, Fe 2+, is dominant in the Earth's mantle, core, or deep crust. The ferric form, Fe 3+, is more stable in the presence of oxygen gas. [22] Dust is a key component in the Earth's iron cycle.
It is highly insoluble in sea water and in a variety of locations is the limiting nutrient for phytoplankton growth. Large algal blooms can be created by supplying iron to iron-deficient ocean waters. These blooms can nourish other organisms. Ocean iron fertilization is an example of a geoengineering technique. [1]
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