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According to the US Department of Education, the Federal Government contributes about 8% to funding US public schools. [7] To fund the remaining balance per student in the public education System, state and local governments are mandated to allocate money towards education. [8]
The Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution makes local government a matter of state rather than federal law, with special cases for territories and the District of Columbia. As a result, the states have adopted a wide variety of systems of local government.
Regulation and funding of education is primarily handled by state and local governments, and the federal government provides only 8% of K-12 education funding in the United States. [2] Congress does not have direct authority over education, so federal education policy is enforced by requiring compliance in order to receive federal funding.
These state laws made industry and businesses responsible for the costs of compensating workers or their survivors when the worker was injured or killed in connection with his or her job. Retirement programs for mainly State and local government paid teachers, police officers, and fire fighters—date back to the 19th century.
The federal law, Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) requires states to ensure that all government-run schools provide services to meet the individual needs of students with special needs, as defined by the law. [51] All students with special needs are entitled to a free and appropriate public education (FAPE).
However, federal spending increased relative to state and local spending as a result of World War I and World War II, and by the 1930s, state and local government spending accounted for less than one half of government spending. By 2019, federal spending was more than 20% of GDP, while state and local spending hovered around 17% of GDP.
The federal government advances their role by building on state and local education policies. [6] Over time, the role of the federal government grew through federal education policies that affected the funding and evaluation of education. [7]
Education, once solely a state and local issue, now sees significant amounts of oversight and funding on the elementary and secondary levels from the federal government. [1] This trend started slowly in the Civil War era, but increased precipitously during and following World War II, and has continued to the present day. [2]