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The Bethesda system (TBS), officially called The Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Cytology, is a system for reporting cervical or vaginal cytologic diagnoses, [1] used for reporting Pap smear results. It was introduced in 1988 [2] and revised in 1991, [3] 2001, [1] [4] [5] and 2014. [6]
A Spitz nevus is a benign skin lesion.A type of melanocytic nevus, it affects the epidermis and dermis. [1]It is also known as an epithelioid and spindle-cell nevus, [2] and misleadingly as a benign juvenile melanoma, [2]: 691 and Spitz's juvenile melanoma [3]).
Bethesda system Category Description Risk of malignancy [19] Recommendation [19] I Non diagnostic/unsatisfactory – Repeating FNAC with ultrasound-guidance in more than 3 months II Benign (colloid and follicular cells) 0–3%: Clinical follow-up III
However, a melanocytic nevus is benign, and melanoma is malignant. Most melanocytic nevi never evolve into a cancer, with the lifetime risk for an individual nevus being 1 in 3000 for men and 1 in 11 000 for women. [5] Moreover, dermatologists have a standardized system for determining whether a skin lesion is suspicious for malignant melanoma.
Amelanotic melanoma is a type of skin cancer in which the cells do not make any melanin. [1]: 696 [2] They can be pink, red, purple or of normal skin color, and are therefore difficult to diagnose correctly. They can occur anywhere on the body, just as a typical melanoma can.
3D medical illustration depicting the TNM stages in breast cancer. Cancer staging can be divided into a clinical stage and a pathologic stage. In the TNM (Tumor, Node, Metastasis) system, clinical stage and pathologic stage are denoted by a small "c" or "p" before the stage (e.g., cT3N1M0 or pT2N0).
Nevoid melanoma. A nevoid melanoma is a malignant neoplastic lesion of the skin. It is a type of melanoma, the most dangerous form of skin cancer.Nevoid melanomas are clinically significant because they are difficult to distinguish from a benign nevus of the skin, which requires no treatment and is common on most individuals.
A meningeal melanocytoma is a rare, pigmented tumor found on the leptomeninges of the brain, [6] [7] typically in the area of the base of the brain and brainstem, [2] or the spine. [ 4 ] [ 11 ] Symptoms may be absent or related to the tumor's growth and location.