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The phenomenon of freezing-point depression has many practical uses. The radiator fluid in an automobile is a mixture of water and ethylene glycol. The freezing-point depression prevents radiators from freezing in winter. Road salting takes advantage of this effect to lower the freezing point of the ice it is placed on.
However, all common antifreeze additives also have lower heat capacities than water, and do reduce water's ability to act as a coolant when added to it. [2] Because water has good properties as a coolant, water plus antifreeze is used in internal combustion engines and other heat transfer applications, such as HVAC chillers and solar water heaters.
As water freezes, tiny amounts of liquid water are theoretically still present, even as temperatures go below −48 °C (−54 °F) and almost all the water has turned solid, either into crystalline ice or amorphous water. However, this remaining liquid water crystallizes too fast for its properties to be detected or measured. [11]
Water can be introduced from the boiler or in a cold engine, steam will condense to water on the cool walls of the cylinders and can potentially hydrolock an engine. This is just as damaging as it is to internal combustion engines and in the case of a steam locomotive can be very dangerous as a broken connecting rod could puncture the firebox ...
The addition of AFPs at the interface between solid ice and liquid water inhibits the thermodynamically favored growth of the ice crystal. Ice growth is kinetically inhibited by the AFPs covering the water-accessible surfaces of ice. [5] Thermal hysteresis is easily measured in the lab with a nanolitre osmometer. Organisms differ in their ...
A viral post gives bad advice on how to defrost your vehicle's windshield during freezing cold weather.
Finally, many commercial radiator antifreeze products have fluorescein added to enable radiator leaks to be detected using a Wood's lamp. Following ingestion of antifreeze products containing ethylene glycol and fluorescein, a Wood's lamp may reveal fluorescence of a person's mouth area, clothing, vomitus , or urine which can help to diagnose ...
Less commonly, power steering fluid, brake fluid, and other hydraulic fluids may be cooled by an auxiliary radiator on a vehicle. Turbo charged or supercharged engines may have an intercooler , which is an air-to-air or air-to-water radiator used to cool the incoming air charge—not to cool the engine.