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Pre-gestational diabetes can be classified as Type 1 or Type 2 depending on the physiological mechanism. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disorder leading to destruction of insulin-producing cell in the pancreas; type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with obesity and results from a combination of insulin resistance and insufficient insulin production.
Gestational diabetes is a condition in which a woman without diabetes develops high blood sugar levels during pregnancy. [2] Gestational diabetes generally results in few symptoms; [2] however, obesity increases the rate of pre-eclampsia, cesarean sections, and embryo macrosomia, as well as gestational diabetes. [2]
The glucose tolerance test was first described in 1923 by Jerome W. Conn. [4]The test was based on the previous work in 1913 by A. T. B. Jacobson in determining that carbohydrate ingestion results in blood glucose fluctuations, [5] and the premise (named the Staub-Traugott Phenomenon after its first observers H. Staub in 1921 and K. Traugott in 1922) that a normal patient fed glucose will ...
Caffeine consumption during pregnancy is associated with increased risk of pregnancy loss [5] [41] and increased risk of low birth weight, defined as below 2500 grams (5.5 pounds). [ 42 ] [ 43 ] [ 44 ] The European Food Safety Authority and the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists concur that habitual caffeine consumption up to ...
There has been a long history of dietary treatment of diabetes mellitus. Dietary treatment of diabetes mellitus was used in Egypt since 3,500 BC [31] and was used in India by Sushruta and Charaka more than 2000 years ago. [31] In the 18th century, the Scottish surgeon John Rollo argued that calorie restriction could reduce glycosuria in ...
Diet with exercise may reduce the risk of caesarean section, having a large baby and having a baby with serious breathing problems. [21] Diet and exercise help pregnant women not gain too much weight during pregnancy when compared with giving the women no help to control weight gain or routine care (usually one session in the pregnancy). [21]
Prenatal care, also known as antenatal care, is a type of preventive healthcare.It is provided in the form of medical checkups, consisting of recommendations on managing a healthy lifestyle and the provision of medical information such as maternal physiological changes in pregnancy, biological changes, and prenatal nutrition including prenatal vitamins, which prevents potential health problems ...
Gestational diabetes is a form of diabetes that is first diagnosed during pregnancy and can accordingly cause high blood sugar that affects the woman and the baby. [9] In 10 - 20% of women whose diet and exercise are not adequate enough to control blood sugar, insulin injections may be required to lower blood sugar levels. [9]