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The transistor count is the number of transistors in an electronic device (typically on a single substrate or silicon die).It is the most common measure of integrated circuit complexity (although the majority of transistors in modern microprocessors are contained in cache memories, which consist mostly of the same memory cell circuits replicated many times).
DRAM chips during the early 1970s had three-transistor cells, before single-transistor cells became standard since the mid-1970s. [17] [15] CMOS memory was commercialized by RCA, which launched a 288-bit CMOS SRAM memory chip in 1968. [23] CMOS memory was initially slower than NMOS memory, which was more widely used by computers in the 1970s. [24]
Each bit in the cell is stored on four transistors (M1, M2, M3, M4) that form two cross-coupled inverters. This storage cell has two stable states which are used to denote 0 and 1. Two additional access transistors serve to control the access to a storage cell during read and write operations. 6T SRAM is the most common kind of SRAM. [20]
DRAM is usually arranged in a rectangular array of charge storage cells consisting of one capacitor and transistor per data bit. The figure to the right shows a simple example with a four-by-four cell matrix. Some DRAM matrices are many thousands of cells in height and width. [33] [34]
In flash memory, each memory cell resembles a standard metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) except that the transistor has two gates instead of one. The cells can be seen as an electrical switch in which current flows between two terminals (source and drain) and is controlled by a floating gate (FG) and a control gate ...
The Intel 8087 used two-bits-per-cell technology for its microcode ROM, [10] and in 1980 was one of the first devices on the market to use multi-level ROM cells. [11] [12] Intel later demonstrated 2-bit multi-level cell (MLC) NOR flash in 1997. [13] NEC demonstrated quad-level cells in 1996, with a 64 Mbit flash memory chip storing
The advent of the metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), [12] invented by Mohamed M. Atalla and Dawon Kahng at Bell Labs in 1959, [13] enabled the practical use of metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) transistors as memory cell storage elements, a function previously served by magnetic cores in computer memory. [12]
Cell, a shorthand for Cell Broadband Engine Architecture, [a] is a 64-bit multi-core microprocessor and microarchitecture that combines a general-purpose PowerPC core of modest performance with streamlined coprocessing elements [2] which greatly accelerate multimedia and vector processing applications, as well as many other forms of dedicated computation.