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Nosocomial infections can cause severe pneumonia and infections of the urinary tract, bloodstream and other parts of the body. [9] [10] Many types display antimicrobial resistance, which can complicate treatment. [11] In the UK about 300,000 patients were affected in 2017, and this was estimated to cost the NHS about £1 billion a year. [12]
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to concepts related to infectious diseases in humans.. Infection – transmission, entry/invasion after evading/overcoming defense, establishment, and replication of disease-causing microscopic organisms (pathogens) inside a host organism, and the reaction of host tissues to them and to the toxins they produce.
Hospital acquired pneumonia is the second most common nosocomial infection (after urinary tract infections) and accounts for 15–20% of the total. [1] [2] [3] It is the most common cause of death among nosocomial infections and is the primary cause of death in intensive care units.
ESKAPE is an acronym comprising the scientific names of six highly virulent and antibiotic resistant bacterial pathogens including: Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp. [1] The acronym is sometimes extended to ESKAPEE to include Escherichia coli. [2]
A human pathogen is a pathogen (microbe or microorganism such as a virus, bacterium, prion, or fungus) that causes disease in humans. The human physiological defense against common pathogens (such as Pneumocystis ) is mainly the responsibility of the immune system with help by some of the body's normal microbiota .
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a species of bacteria that causes tuberculosis, a respiratory infection. [13] Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a bacterium that can cause respiratory infections. It is frequently associated with cystic fibrosis and hospital-acquired infections. [14] Salmonella is a genus of bacteria, known to cause gastrointestinal ...
The second is an iatrogenic infection. This type of infection is one that is transmitted from a health care worker to a patient. A nosocomial infection is also one that occurs in a health care setting. Nosocomial infections are those that are acquired during a hospital stay.
Human metapneumovirus infection No Ehrlichia chaffeensis: Human monocytic ehrlichiosis: PCR: Doxycycline: No One of the human papillomaviruses: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection Yes: Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIV) Human parainfluenza virus infection Croup: Under research [19] [20] Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) Human T ...