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Eaves must be designed for local wind speeds as the overhang can significantly increase the wind loading on the roof. [7] The line on the ground under the outer edge of the eaves is the eavesdrip, or dripline, and in typical building planning regulations defines the extent of the building and cannot oversail the property boundary.
Stone slabs require a very heavyweight roof structure, but their weight makes them stormproof. An obsolete roofing material, now used commercially only for building restoration. Collyweston stone slate named after the village of Collyweston; Solar shingle; Metal shakes or shingles. Long life. High cost, suitable for roofs of 3:12 pitch or greater.
Butterfly roof (V-roof, [8] London roof [9]): A V-shaped roof resembling an open book. A kink separates the roof into two parts running towards each other at an obtuse angle. Karahafu: A type of gable found in some traditional Japanese buildings. Hidden roof: A type of Japanese roof construction.
For longer span rafters, building materials manufacturers have created laminated veneer lumber (LVL) rafters that can be 2–5 times longer than typical wood rafter. In the US, most wood rafters have maximum length of 20 feet (6.1 m). [5] If a longer rafter is needed, LVL is an alternative.
The roof underlayment is used to prevent accidental penetration of rainwater or powdery snow, to prevent convective exchanges with thermal insulation, and to control the migration of water vapor. [1] It is an element of the building's thermal performance. [2] The roof underlayment is placed between the frame and the roof support.
The shingles produced in 1939 were sufficient to cover more than 1,000,000 dwellings, assuming an average size of 10 squares per roof. In two surveys of roofing materials in 20 Eastern States, - made during 1938, the kinds of roofing materials on 20,841 dwellings along 4,038 miles of highway were tabulated.
Historically, roof pitch was designated in two other ways: A ratio of the ridge height to the width of the building (span) [6] and as a ratio of the rafter length to the width of the building. [7] Commonly used roof pitches were given names such as: Greek: the ridge height is 1 ⁄ 9 to 1 ⁄ 7 the span (an angle of 12.5° to 16°); Roman: the ...
A Allocation of costs is the transfer of costs from one cost item to one or more other cost items. Allowance - a value in an estimate to cover the cost of known but not yet fully defined work. As-sold estimate - the estimate which matches the agreed items and price for the project scope. B Basis of estimate (BOE) - a document which describes the scope basis, pricing basis, methods ...
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