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Mongolian cavalry in the Khalkhin Gol (1939) Mongolian troops fight against a Japanese counterattack on the western beach of the river Khalkhin Gol, 1939 Japanese soldiers cross the Khalkhin Gol. The battles began on 11 May 1939. A Mongolian cavalry unit of some 70 to 90 men had entered the disputed area in search of grazing for their horses.
Outside the city, the Japanese erected 32 blockhouses connected with trenches, a wire communications network, and multiple lines of obstacles. These outer defenses were guarded by Manchukuo troops under the command of Li Shouxin. To the south the Japanese 8th Regiment was stationed in Fengning, for mutual support with the forces in Dolonnur. [2]
In general, as a result of six days of operation, Soviet and Mongolian troops overcame 250–450 km and reached the line Dolonnor, Linxi, Tao'an. The offensive of the 17th Army saved the 8th Chinese Army, which had been surrounded by Japanese troops in the area of Pingquan for more than a week, from death. [citation needed]
Local Japanese forces counter-attacked, running dozens of bombing sorties on the village, and eventually assaulting it with 400 men and 10 tankettes. The result was a Mongolian rout, with 56 soldiers being killed, including three Soviet advisors, and an unknown number being wounded. Japanese losses amounted to 27 killed and nine wounded. [9]
Although the operation was a failure, skirmishes continued over the next eight months between Japanese and Inner Mongolian troops on one side and the Nationalists on the other. When the Second Sino-Japanese War began in 1937 after the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, they tried to invade again. In August 1937 six or seven divisions (some sources say ...
The Japanese forces in Inner Mongolia didn't resist the Soviet forces, abandoned their city stronghold of Kalgan, and fled south. [46] Russian forces captured Japanese soldiers and physically fit Japanese men in Manchuria and transferred them to Siberia to perform slave labor, where many of them would die from the cold weather. [47]
Inner Mongolian Army 1936. Commander in Chief - Demchugdongrub (with Japanese chief adviser Ryūkichi Tanaka) Teh Wang's personal troops; Li Shouxin's Command: Li Shouxin. 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th Cavalry Division and an artillery regiment (Jehol Mongols, Chahar Mongols)
Japan took seriously the letter brought by the second diplomatic mission to Japan in 1268 as an omen of invasion; Shinto shrines and Buddhist temples were instructed to pray for the repulsion of foreign troops and the central government suspended most of its normal duties to concentrate on fortifying its existing defenses in Kyushu. [10]