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  2. Mask generation function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mask_generation_function

    Mask generation functions are deterministic; the octet string output is completely determined by the input octet string. The output of a mask generation function should be pseudorandom, that is, if the seed to the function is unknown, it should be infeasible to distinguish the output from a truly random string. [1]

  3. UTF-32 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-32

    Python versions up to 3.2 can be compiled to use them [clarification needed] instead of UTF-16; from version 3.3 onward, Unicode strings are stored in UTF-32 if there is at least 1 non-BMP character in the string, but with leading zero bytes optimized away "depending on the [code point] with the largest Unicode ordinal (1, 2, or 4 bytes)" to ...

  4. Type conversion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_conversion

    In computer science, type conversion, [1] [2] type casting, [1] [3] type coercion, [3] and type juggling [4] [5] are different ways of changing an expression from one data type to another. An example would be the conversion of an integer value into a floating point value or its textual representation as a string, and vice versa.

  5. Binary-to-text encoding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary-to-text_encoding

    Using 4 bits per encoded character leads to a 50% longer output than base64, but simplifies encoding and decoding—expanding each byte in the source independently to two encoded bytes is simpler than base64's expanding 3 source bytes to 4 encoded bytes. Out of PETSCII's first 192 codes, 164 have visible representations when quoted: 5 (white ...

  6. UTF-16 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-16

    Python 3.3 switched internal storage to use one of ISO-8859-1, UCS-2, or UTF-32 depending on the largest code point in the string. [31] Python 3.12 drops some functionality (for CPython extensions) to make it easier to migrate to UTF-8 for all strings. [32] Java originally used UCS-2, and added UTF-16 supplementary character support in J2SE 5.0.

  7. Byte pair encoding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byte_pair_encoding

    Byte pair encoding [1] [2] (also known as BPE, or digram coding) [3] is an algorithm, first described in 1994 by Philip Gage, for encoding strings of text into smaller strings by creating and using a translation table. [4]

  8. Bytecode - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bytecode

    Bytecode (also called portable code or p-code) is a form of instruction set designed for efficient execution by a software interpreter.Unlike human-readable [1] source code, bytecodes are compact numeric codes, constants, and references (normally numeric addresses) that encode the result of compiler parsing and performing semantic analysis of things like type, scope, and nesting depths of ...

  9. LEB128 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LEB128

    Each byte will have the group in its 7 least significant bits. Set the most significant bit on each byte except the last byte. The number zero is usually encoded as a single byte 0x00. WebAssembly allows alternate encodings of zero (0x80 0x00, 0x80 0x80 0x00, ...). [3] As an example, here is how the unsigned number 624485 gets encoded: